Study | Selection bias | Study design | Confounders | Blinding | Data collection methods | Withdrawals and dropouts | Overall rating |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adamo et al. (2017) [51] | Weak | Strong | Weak | Strong | Strong | Weak | Weak |
Cespedes et al. (2013) [37] | Strong | Strong | Strong | Moderate | Moderate | Weak | Moderate |
Cruz et al. (2016) [52] | Weak | Strong | Strong | Moderate | Weak | Weak | Weak |
Davis et al. (2016) [56] | Weak | Strong | Strong | Moderate | Strong | Weak | Weak |
De Bock et al. (2013) [38] | Strong | Strong | Strong | Moderate | Strong | Weak | Moderate |
Gao et al. (2016) [53] | Moderate | Strong | Weak | Moderate | Strong | Strong | Moderate |
Hu et al. (2010) [54] | Strong | Strong | Strong | Moderate | Weak | Strong | Moderate |
Kaufman-Shriqui et al. (2016) [39] | Moderate | Strong | Strong | Moderate | Strong | Strong | Strong |
Klein et al. (2015) [40] | Moderate | Moderate | Strong | Moderate | Strong | Moderate | Moderate |
Lumeng et al. (2017) [41] | Weak | Strong | Strong | Moderate | Weak | Strong | Weak |
Natale, Lopez et al. (2014) [42] | Moderate | Strong | Weak | Moderate | Strong | Weak | Weak |
Natale, Messiah et al. (2014) [55] | Moderate | Strong | Strong | Moderate | Strong | Weak | Moderate |
Natale et al. (2017) [57] | Weak | Strong | Moderate | Moderate | Strong | Weak | Weak |
Nyberg et al. (2016) [44] | Weak | Strong | Strong | Moderate | Strong | Strong | Moderate |
Nyberg et al. (2015) [43] | Moderate | Strong | Strong | Moderate | Strong | Strong | Strong |
Puder et al. (2011) [45] | Strong | Strong | Strong | Strong | Strong | Strong | Strong |
Roth et al. (2015) [46] | Moderate | Strong | Strong | Moderate | Weak | Strong | Moderate |
Story et al. (2012) [47] | Strong | Strong | Strong | Moderate | Weak | Weak | Weak |
Wasenius et al. (2018) [58] | Weak | Strong | Strong | Moderate | Strong | Weak | Weak |
Williams et al. (2014) [48] | Moderate | Strong | Strong | Moderate | Strong | Moderate | Moderate |
Yin et al. (2012) [49] | Moderate | Strong | Strong | Moderate | Strong | Weak | Moderate |
Zhou et al. (2014) [50] | Weak | Strong | Strong | Moderate | Strong | Strong | Moderate |