| n = 7009 | Body weight change (kg) | Waist circumference change (cm) |
|---|
| β (95% CI) | p-value | β (95% CI) | p-value |
|---|
| GDS (per 1 SD) | −0.16 (− 0.21, − 0.12) | < 0.0001 | −0.27 (− 0.35, − 0.20) | < 0.0001 |
| Sex |
| Men (n = 2986) | − 0.14 (− 0.21, − 0.07) | < 0.0001 | −0.18 (− 0.28, − 0.09) | < 0.0001 |
| Women (4023) | −0.18 (− 0.25, − 0.12) | < 0.0001 | −0.35 (− 0.46, − 0.23) | < 0.0001 |
| p for interaction | | 0.498 | | 0.019 |
| Age |
| < 65 (n = 2688) | −0.19 (− 0.26, − 0.11) | < 0.0001 | −0.24 (− 0.36, − 0.13) | < 0.0001 |
| ≥ 65 (n = 4321) | −0.15 (− 0.21, − 0.09) | < 0.0001 | −0.29 (− 0.39, − 0.19) | < 0.0001 |
| p for interaction | | 0.371 | | 0.591 |
| Obesity status |
| Non-obese (n = 3723) | −0.15 (− 0.21, − 0.09) | < 0.0001 | −0.21 (− 0.32, − 0.11) | < 0.0001 |
| Obese (n = 3286) | −0.19 (− 0.26, − 0.11) | < 0.0001 | −0.35 (− 0.47, − 0.24) | < 0.0001 |
| p for interaction | | 0.445 | | 0.076 |
| Abdominal obesity status |
| Non-abdominal obese (n = 1881) | −0.10 (− 0.18, − 0.02) | 0.016 | −0.18 (− 0.31, − 0.05) | 0.007 |
| Abdominal obese (n = 5128) | −0.19 (− 0.25, − 0.13) | < 0.0001 | −0.31 (− 0.41, − 0.22) | < 0.0001 |
| p for interaction | | 0.107 | | 0.042 |
| Diabetes status |
| Non-diabetics (n = 3618) | −0.25 (− 0.32, − 0.18) | < 0.0001 | −0.27 (− 0.38, − 0.17) | < 0.0001 |
| Diabetics (n = 3391) | −0.07 (− 0.13, 0.00) | 0.037 | −0.27 (− 0.38, − 0.16) | < 0.0001 |
| p for interaction | | 0.0001 | | 0.864 |
| Intervention group |
| Controls (n = 2298) | −0.19 (− 0.27, − 0.11) | < 0.0001 | −0.33 (− 0.48, − 0.18) | < 0.0001 |
| Intervention (n = 4711) | −0.15 (− 0.21, − 0.10) | < 0.0001 | −0.25 (− 0.34, − 0.17) | < 0.0001 |
| p for interaction | | 0.317 | | 0.503 |
- β (95% CI) represents difference in yearly change in body weight (kg) or waist circumference (cm) associated with increments of each GDS (per 1 SD). Model used for generalized estimating equation analysis was adjusted for time, sex, center, intervention group, age, baseline BMI/WC (depending on the outcome) and educational level, as well as yearly measured changes in smoking status and physical activity. Obesity was defined as BMI ≥30 kg/m2, and abdominal obesity as waist circumference ≥ 88 cm (women) and ≥ 102 cm (men)
