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Table 3 Outcome measures by park prescription intervention (PPI) and control groups at six-month follow-up

From: Effectiveness of prescribing physical activity in parks to improve health and wellbeing - the park prescription randomized controlled trial

Outcome measures

PPI (N = 71)

Control (N = 74)

Model 1a

Model 2b

Treatment effect

P-value

Treatment effect

P-value

Primary

 Objective 10 min bouted MVPA (min/week)

114.5 ± 121.3

110.1 ± 150.9

4.4 (− 43.8, 52.7)

0.855

0.6 (−46.5, 47.6)

0.981

 Objective 10 min bouted MVPA (min/week)*

114.5 ± 121.3

87.7 ± 79.6

26.8 (− 9.7, 63.4)

0.148

25.2 (− 11.4, 61.9)

0.176

Secondary

 Physical activity related behaviors

  Accelerometer valid measure period (day)

7.2 ± 0.9

6.5 ± 1.2

0.7 (0.3, 1.0)

0.001

–

–

  Average wear duration (hour/day)

23.0 ± 2.3

23.1 ± 2.1

− 0.1 (− 0.9, 0.7)

0.759

–

–

  PA volume, ENMO (mg)

34.6 ± 9.1

33.6 ± 9.0

1.1 (− 2.1, 4.3)

0.510

0.8 (− 2.3, 4.0)

0.595

  Inactivity time, 0–25 mg (hour/week)

66.2 ± 13.0

66.7 ± 13.9

− 0.5 (− 5.2, 4.3)

0.845

− 0.3 (− 5.0, 4.5)

0.905

  Light PA, 25–100 mg (hour/week)

41.5 ± 8.5

40.3 ± 11.2

1.3 (− 2.2, 4.1)

0.475

1.3 (− 2.2, 4.8)

0.476

  Total MVPA (min/week)

814.9 ± 860.8

662.4 ± 775.1

152.5 (− 116.8, 421.8)

0.265

130.2 (− 129.1, 389.5)

0.323

  Recreational MVPA (min/week)

142.3 ± 155.4

93.6 ± 131.0

48.7 (1.4, 96.0)

0.044

46.2 (0.3, 92.1)

0.049

  Sedentary time (hour/week)

37.7 ± 21.3

44.0 ± 27.1

−6.3 (−14.3, 1.7)

0.122

−6.1 (− 13.5, 1.3)

0.103

  Time spent in Park (min/month)

333.9 ± 506.2

186.4 ± 358.4

147.5 (2.1, 292.9)

0.047

156.0 (13.7, 298.3)

0.032

  PA in Park (min/month)

333.0 ± 499.3

140.5 ± 270.7

192.5 (59.5, 325.5)

0.005

190.3 (59.7, 320.9)

0.005

Mental well-being

 General health from SF-12 (range: 1–5)

2.8 ± 0.7

2.8 ± 0.9

−0.1 (− 0.3, 0.2)

0.712

− 0.1 (− 0.3, 0.2)

0.631

 K10 total (range: 10–50)

14.0 ± 3.9

15.0 ± 4.9

−1.0 (− 2.4, 0.5)

0.199

−0.7 (− 1.9, 0.6)

0.277

 WHO5 total (range: 0–100)

56.6 ± 20.1

57.6 ± 20.4

−1.0 (− 7.7, 5.7)

0.769

−1.0 (− 6.9, 4.8)

0.727

 QOL_physical (range: 0–100)

71.8 ± 12.3

69.6 ± 11.8

2.1 (− 1.8, 6.1)

0.288

–

–

 QOL_psychological (range: 0–100)

65.1 ± 11.8

61.0 ± 12.5

4.0 (0.0, 8.0)

0.047

–

–

 QOL_social (range: 0–100)

66.0 ± 13.2

63.1 ± 13.6

3.0 (− 1.5, 7.4)

0.187

–

–

 QOL_environment (range: 0–100)

65.9 ± 12.4

64.3 ± 12.9

1.6 (− 2.6, 5.7)

0.449

–

–

Physical Health

 Fasting blood glucose (mmol/L)

4.89 ± 0.52

4.87 ± 0.54

0.02 (− 0.15, 0.20)

0.808

− 0.01 (− 0.17, 0.15)

0.875

 High-density lipoprotein, HDL (mmol/L)

1.56 ± 0.53

1.57 ± 0.44

− 0.01 (− 0.17, 0.15)

0.915

−0.01 (− 0.11, 0.08)

0.806

 Low-density lipoprotein, LDL (mmol/L)

3.60 ± 0.86

3.31 ± 0.84

0.29 (0.01, 0.57)

0.041

−0.06 (− 0.23, 0.11)

0.459

 Triglycerides (mmol/L)

1.15 ± 0.71

1.20 ± 0.72

− 0.04 (− 0.28, 0.19)

0.712

0.01 (− 0.17, 0.18)

0.924

 Systolic blood pressure (mmHG)

113.4 ± 12.0

113.1 ± 12.9

0.2 (−3.9, 4.3)

0.912

0.5 (− 2.9, 3.9)

0.770

 Diastolic blood pressure (mmHG)

70.0 ± 8.2

71.0 ± 8.6

− 0.9 (− 3.7, 1.8)

0.502

−0.4 (− 2.8, 2.0)

0.727

 BMI (kg/m2)

24.2 ± 4.2

23.8 ± 4.0

0.4 (− 0.9, 1.8)

0.536

−0.3 (− 0.7, 0.0)

0.074

  1. Note: mean ± SD are presented for each group together with the estimate of the treatment effect and the associated 95% CI
  2. N = 126 for accelerometer measures (62 for PPI and 64 for control group)
  3. aWith two extreme outliers removed in outcome: Objective 10 min bouted MVPA
  4. aModel 1 provides the unadjusted estimate using the independent sample t-test
  5. bModel 2 adjusts for baseline total physical activity via multiple linear regression
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International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity

ISSN: 1479-5868

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