Results of caring and reaching for health (CARE): a cluster-randomized controlled trial assessing a worksite wellness intervention for child care staff

Linnan, Laura A.; Vaughn, Amber E.; Smith, Falon T.; Westgate, Philip; Hales, Derek; Arandia, Gabriela; Neshteruk, Cody; Willis, Erik; Ward, Dianne S.

doi:10.1186/s12966-020-00968-x

International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity

Table 3 Results from intent to treat analyses for changes in workers physical activity and other health outcomes from baseline to 6-month follow-up

From: Results of caring and reaching for health (CARE): a cluster-randomized controlled trial assessing a worksite wellness intervention for child care staff

Outcome	Healthy Lifestyle (n = 250)			Healthy Finance (n = 303)
Outcome	Baseline mean (SD)	Change mean (95% Cl)	Adj. p-value^d	Baseline mean (SD)	Change mean (95% Cl)	Adj. p-value^d	Diff in mean change	Adj. p-value^d	ICC	ES
Primary Outcome
MVPA (min/day)^a	16.0 (13.4)	−1.3 (−3.0, 0.3)*	–	18.6 (14.8)	−1.9 (− 3.3, −0.5)**	–	0.6 (− 1.6, 2.8)	–	0.00	0.04
Secondary Outcomes
*Additional Physical Activity Outcomes*
Lifestyle MVPA (min/day)^a	117.0 (47.7)	−4.7 (−10.3, 1.0)*	0.05	124.5 (49.7)	−4.2 (−8.9, 0.6)	0.09	−0.5 (−7.9, 6.9)	0.95	0.02	0.01
Sedentary (min/day)	517.4 (74.1)	11.1 (0.6, 21.6)*	0.05	508.8 (74.1)	4.5 (−4.4, 13.3)	0.41	6.6 (−7.1, 20.3)	0.95	0.04	0.09
Weekday MVPA (min/day)^a	16.9 (14.1)	−1.9 (−3.8, −0.1)**	0.04	20.3 (17.1)	−2.9 (−4.5, − 1.3)***	< 0.001	1.0 (− 1.5, 3.4)	0.95	0.00	0.06
Weekend MVPA (min/day)^a	12.1 (15.7)	0.3 (−2.5, 3.1)	0.66	13.1 (13.3)	0.9 (−1.5, 3.3)	0.66	−0.6 (−4.3, 3.1)	0.96	0.01	0.04
Meets PA recommendation (150 min/wk.)^b,c	57 (25.7)	0.64 (0.45, 0.92)*	0.04	93 (32.6)	0.69 (0.52, 0.93)*	0.04	0.92 (0.57, 1.46)	0.95	0.00	0.03
Muscle strengthening activities (# days last week)	1.4 (2.0)	0.7 (0.4, 1.0)***	< 0.001	1.3 (1.9)	0.5 (0.2, 0.8)***	< 0.001	0.2 (−0.2, 0.6)	0.46	0.01	0.10
*Dietary Intake*
Whole fruit	0.7 (0.6)	0.1 (−0.02, 0.2)	0.13	0.8 (0.7)	−0.1 (− 0.2, 0.01)	0.15	0.2 (0.02, 0.3)*	0.10	0.01	0.30
Vegetable (excluding potatoes)^a	1.0 (0.7)	0.1 (0.03, 0.3)*	0.04	1.0 (0.8)	−0.02 (−0.1, 0.1)*	0.05	0.2 (0.01, 0.3)*	0.10	0.02	0.26
Fruits &vegetables (excluding potatoes and juice)^a	1.6 (1.1)	0.2 (0.04, 0.4)*	0.04	1.8 (1.2)	−0.1 (−0.3, 0.1)	0.26	0.3 (0.1, 0.6)**	0.06	0.02	0.26
Sugar sweetened beverage^a	1.8 (1.9)	−0.5 (−0.8, − 0.2)***	< 0.001	1.6 (1.8)	− 0.2 (− 0.5, 0.03)	0.15	−0.3 (− 0.7, 0.1)*	0.11	0.01	0.16
Salty snack^a	1.3 (1.5)	−0.5 (− 0.7, − 0.2)***	< 0.001	1.4 (1.8)	−0.3 (− 0.5, − 0.0)**	0.02	−0.2 (− 0.5, 0.2)	0.32	0.00	0.12
Fast food/ Eating out^a	0.4 (0.4)	−0.1 (− 0.2, − 0.1)***	< 0.001	0.3 (0.3)	−0.1 (− 0.1, − 0.1)*	0.04	−0.1 (− 0.1, − 0.02)**	0.06	0.00	0.28
Eating Habits Score	9.1 (3.3)	1.2 (0.8, 1.8)***	< 0.001	9.6 (3.4)	0.4 (−0.1, 0.8)	0.15	0.9 (0.2, 1.6)**	0.06	0.00	0.27
*Tobacco and e-cigarette Use*
Smoking status (current smoke/non-smoker)^b,c	38 (15.2)	0.66 (0.46, 0.92)*	0.03	40 (13.3)	1.05(0.81, 1.37)	0.74	0.6 (0.4, 1.0)*	0.10	0.04	0.04
E-cig use (ever used/never used)^b,c	25 (10.0)	0.73 (0.45, 1.20)	0.24	28 (9.3)	0.68 (0.40, 1.19)	0.25	1.1 (0.5, 2.2)	0.87	0.04	0.11
*Sleep*
Hours/night	6.3 (1.4)	0.4 (0.2, 0.5)**	< 0.001	6.4 (1.4)	0.1 (−0.1, 0.3)	0.31	0.3 (0.01, 0.5)*	0.11	0.03	0.21
Quality (good/bad)^b,c	190 (76.0)	1.38 (0.99, 1.92)	0.07	236 (78.4)	0.98 (0.76, 1.26)	0.87	1.4 (0.9, 2.1)	0.20	0.03	0.02
*Stress*
Perceived level of distress	3.9 (2.7)	−1.2 (−1.6, −0.7)***	< 0.001	4.0 (2.8)	−0.7 (−1.1, − 0.3)*	< 0.01	−0.5 (−1.1, 0.1)	0.20	0.00	0.18
*Health and Fitness Indicators*
BMI (kg/m²)	33.7 (9.1)	0.1 (−0.2, 0.4)	0.39	34.2 (8.8)	0.0 (−0.2, 0.3)	0.82	0.1 (−0.3, 0.5)	0.78	0.02	0.01
Waist circumference (cm)	104.6 (18.6)	0.6 (−0.3, 1.6)	0.22	106.1 (17.9)	1.1 (0.3, 1.9)*	0.03	−0.5 (−1.7, 0.8)	0.64	0.01	0.03
Mean arterial pressure	94.2 (14.0)	−1.8 (−3.5, −0.1)*	0.05	95.0 (13.2)	−3.6 (−5.1, −2.2)***	< 0.001	0.8 (− 0.4, 4.0)	0.20	0.07	0.06
6 min walk (m)	429.0 (78.3)	−13.5 (− 30.0, − 1.0)*	0.05	456.1 (79.8)	−12.1 (− 22.3, − 1.9)*	0.04	−1.3 (− 14.5, 14.8)	0.87	0.11	0.02
Grip strength (kg)	26.3 (9.3)	1.9 (0.4, 3.5)*	0.03	28.5 (9.1)	1.6 (0.3, 2.9)	0.04	0.3 (−1.7, 2.4)	0.86	0.07	0.03
Chair sit and stand (reps)	14.9 (4.3)	−1.5 (−2.2, −0.8)***	< 0.001	15.2 (4.6)	− 1.3 (− 1.8, − 0.7)***	< 0.001	−0.2 (− 1.1, 0.7)	0.78	0.08	0.04
Highest phase completed in balance test^b,c	99 (76.7)	1.01 (0.68. 1.52)	0.93	151 (77.4)	1.11 (0.67, 1.86)	0.74	0.9 (0.5, 1.7)	0.86	0.01	0.01
*Teacher Physical Activity Practices*
Total min PA provided^a	170.8 (122.3)	−10.5 (−33.9, 13.0)	0.87	162.7 (117.0)	5.3 (−14.9, 25.5)	0.70	−15.7 (−46.7, 15.2)	0.71	0.07	0.13
Total min teacher-led PA^a	70.4 (55.9)	−2.5 (−16.9, 12.0)	0.87	67.4 (69.2)	−0.1 (−12.3, 12.3)	0.73	−2.4 (− 21.4, 16.6)	0.71	0.00	0.04
Outside time as reward score	3.4 (0.7)	−0.0 (− 0.2, 0.1)	0.87	3.4 (0.7)	− 0.0 (− 0.1, 0.1)	0.88	−0.0 (− 0.2, 0.2)	0.99	0.00	0.00
TV as reward score^b,c	165 (72.1)	1.31(0.89, 1.90)	0.48	119 (67.2)	0.74 (0.48, 1.12)	0.33	1.77 (1.01, 3.12)	0.41	0.13	0.03
Praise PA score^b,c	82 (46.3)	1.02 (0.78, 1.34)	0.87	90 (39.5)	1.21 (0.88, 1.66)	0.36	0.85 (0.56, 1.29)	0.71	0.00	0.02
Modeling PA score	3.7 (0.7)	0.2 (0.0, 0.3)	0.06	3.7 (0.8)	0.2 (0.1, 0.3)**	< 0.01	−0.0 (−0.2, 0.1)	0.93	0.06	0.00
Encourage/Prompt PA score	3.9 (0.7)	−0.0 (− 0.1, 0.1)	0.87	3.9 (0.7)	0.1 (− 0.0, 0.2)	0.36	− 0.1 (− 0.2, 0.1)	0.71	0.04	0.14
PA education score	3.5 (0.9)	0.2 (0.0, 0.3)	0.06	3.4 (0.9)	0.2 (0.1, 0.3)**	0.01	−0.0 (− 0.2, 0.2)	0.99	0.04	0.00
Supportive PA environment score	3.6 (0.8)	0.1 (−0.1, 0.2)	0.68	3.6 (0.8)	0.2 (0.0, 0.3)*	0.04	−0.1 (− 0.3, 0.1)	0.71	0.05	0.12

PA physical activity, MVPA moderate-vigorous PA
^aSquare root transformation of the outcomes were used for analyses and thus providing valid p-values, however, results are presented in their original scale
^bResults for baseline are presented as n (%)
^cResults for change are presented as OR (95% CI)
^dAdjusted p-values accounting for multiple comparisons using the false discovery rate method
Unadjusted significance *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001

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