Table 2 Construct validity of subjective sedentary behaviour measurement tools

EEPAQ; Elderly EXERNET Physical Activity Questionnaire [17]

Lopez-Rodriguez et al. 2017

15%;

71.96 (5.48) yr;

ESP

Actigraph GT1 M

0.574

P < 0.01

Poor

GPAQ: Global Physical Activity Questionnaire [21]

Chu et al. 2018

31%;

20–65 yr;

SGP

Actigraph GT3X-BL

Self-administered: 0.46 (0.18; 0.68)

Interview administered: 0.12 (− 0.11; 0.33)

MD − 175.8 min

(LoA − 556.1; 206.5)

More details are provided in study

Poor

GPAQ: Global Physical Activity Questionnaire [20]

Cleland et al. 2014

54%;

44 (14) yr;

GBR

Actigraph GT3X

0.187

P = 0.135

MD − 348.7 min (LoA − 721.1; 23.7)

Poor

GPAQ: Global Physical Activity Questionnaire [24] Kastelic et al. 2019

88%;

M: 38 (8) yr F: 50 (7) yr; SVN

ActivPAL 3

0.317 P = 0.041

MD − 165 min

(LoA − 429; 99)

Fair

GPAQ: Global Physical Activity Questionnaire [18]

Laeremens et al. 2017

45%;

35 (10) yr;

BEL, ESP, GBR

Sensewear armband

Mid-season: 0.09 P > 0.05

Summer: 0.25 P < 0.01

Winter: 0.24 P < 0.01

MD 8 min (LoA −75; 92)

Poor

GPAQ: Global Physical Activity Questionnaire [22]

Metcalf et al. 2018

31%;

49.4 yr (range: 19.8–68.7);

USA

ActiGraph GT9X

0.19

Poor

GPAQ: Global Physical Activity Questionnaire [23]

Rudolf et al. 2020

43%;

28.3 (12.2) yr;

DEU

ActiGraph GT3X+

GPAQ with illustration of exemplary physical activities: 0.32 P = 0.02

GPAQ without illustration: 0.29 P = 0.03

GPAQ with illustration: − 9.3 min/day (LoA − 322.1; 303.5) GPAQ without illustration: − 18.3 min/day (LoA − 313.7; 277.1)

Poor

GPAQ: Global Physical Activity Questionnaire [19]

Wanner et al. 2017

49%;

47.0 (15) yr;

CHE

Actigraph GT3X+

0.47 P ≤ 0.001

Poor

IPAQ (short); International Physical Activity Questionnaire [26]

Craig et al. 2003

25–73%;

18–65 yr;

12 countries

Accelerometer (CSA model 7164)

Range: 0.07–0.61

Poor

IPAQ (short); International Physical Activity Questionnaire [43]

Prince et al. 2018

0%; 42.8 (11.9) yr;

CAN

ActiGraph GT3X

0.31 (P < 0.001)

IPAQ:

MD 451.9–0.826* min

Poor

IPAQ (short); International Physical Activity Questionnaire) [44]

Rosenberg et al. 2008

45%; 35.9 (11.3) yr;

GBR, USA, NLD

Accelerometer (CSA model 7164)

0.34

Poor

Modified MOSPA-Q; MONICA Optional Study on Physical Activity Questionnaire [28]

Chau et al. 2012

40%; 19–60+ yr;

AUS

ActiGraph GTIM

0.52 P < 0.01

Poor

PPAQ; Paffenbarger Physical Activity Questionnaire [29]

Simpson et al. 2015

49%;

M: 43.8 (15.8) yr

F: 44.3 (16.5) yr;

USA

Actical

0.20 (0.14; 0.33)

Poor

SED-GIH [30]

Larsson et al. 2018

33%;

42.9 (8.9) yr;

SWE

ActivPAL

0.31 (95% CI 0.20–0.41), P < 0.001

Excellent

SQ; Single Question [32]

Aguilar-Farias et al. 2015

34%;

74.5 (7.6) yr;

AUS

ActivPAL 3

0.33; wk. 0.31; wknd 0.28

Fair

SQ; Single Question [33]

Clemes et al. 2012

30%;

41.5 (12.8) yr;

GBR

ActiGraph GT1M

wk: 0.70 (P < 0.001)

wknd: 0.55 (P < 0.001)

ICC

wk.: 0.82 (P < 0.001)

wknd: 0.69 (P < 0.001)

Poor

TASST; TAxonomy of Self-report SB Tools [31] 1) Single item total times; 2) Single item proportion; 3) TV time

Chastin et al. 2018

48%;

64–83 yr;

GBR

ActivPal

Previous day

1) 0.20; 2) 0.28; 3) 0.24

Previous wk

1) 0.23; 2) 0.36; 3) 0.23

Unanchored

1) 0.20; 2) 0.32; 3) 0.26 All P-values< 0.001

Previous day

1) LoA − 147; 561

2) LoA − 22; 48

3) LoA 145; 733

Previous wk

1) LoA; − 150; 564

2) LoA; − 19; 43

3) LoA 81; 732

Unanchored

1) LoA − 135; 549

2) LoA − 19; 51

3) LoA 125; 705

Excellent

T-SQ; Total sitting questionnaire [35]

Kozey-Keadle et al. 2012

75%;

46.5 (10.8) yr;

USA

ActivPal

wk 0.41; wknd 0.55

Wk MD 40.5 min (− 125.2; 22.3)

Wknd MD 147.4 min (− 228.3; − 66.6)

Poor

TV-Q; TV viewing [35]

Kozey-Keadle et al. 2012

75%;

46.5 (10.8);

USA

ActivPal

wk: 0.07; wknd: − 0.11

Poor

YPAS; Yale Physical Activity Survey for Older Adults [36]

Gennuso et al. 2015

21% 75.1 (6.5) yr; USA

ActiGraph GT1M

kappa − 0.0003,

(− 0.0025; 0.0019)

Poor

Gao et al. 2017 [102]

41.4%;

33.1 (10.7) yr;

CHI, FIN

Thigh-mounted accelerometer

3 months: 0.53 (95% CI 0.34–0.68), P < 0.001

Previous day: 0.53 (95% CI 0.45–0.61) P < 0.001

3 months: MD 2.4% (LoA − 0.5%; 5.3%)

Previous day: MD 2.2% (LoA 0.7%; 3.6%)

Poor

Gupta et al. 2017 [37]

60%; 44.9 (9.8) yr; DNK

Actigraph GT3X

0.32 P < 0.001

MD 204.1 min

(LoA 112.4–0.6*min; 463.6+  0.6*min)

Poor

AQuAA; Activity Questionnaire for Adults and Adolescents [38]

Chinapaw et al. 2009

36%;

30.1 (3.6) yr;

NLD

Actigraph model 7164

ICC 0.15

Poor

Cancer Prevention Study-3 Sedentary Time Survey [39]

Rees-Punia et al. 2018

41%;

51.7 yr (range 31–72);

USA

Actigraph GT3x

accelerometer + diary

0.41 (0.35; 0.47)

Poor

CHAMPS; Community Health Activities Model Program for Seniors [40]

Hekler et al. 2012

43%;

66–80+ yr;

USA

Actigraph

model 7164 and 71,256

0.12 P < 0.001

MD − 2841.6 min

(LoA − 4476.7; − 1206.5)

Poor

CHAMPS; Community Health Activities Model Program for Seniors [36]

Gennuso et al. 2017

21%; 75.1 (6.5) yr; USA

ActiGraph GT1M

0.14 P = 0.28

CHAMPS:

MD −5.21 hrs

(LoA − 2.2; − 8.3)

Poor

FPACQ; Flemish Physical Activity Computerized Questionnaire [41]

Matton et al. 2007

77%;

22–78 yr;

BEL

RT3 Triaxial Research Tracker + activity record

Employed / unemployed

Eat: M 0.53 (P< 0.01);

F 0.56 (P< 0.01)

Sleep M 0.69 (P< 0.001);

F 0.60 (P< 0.001)

Tv M 0.69 (P< 0.001);

F 0.83 (P< 0.001)

Retired

Eat M 0.33; F 0.15

Sleep M 0.57 (P< 0.01); F 0.51 (P< 0.05)

Tv M 0.78 (P< 0.001);

F 0.80 (P< 0.001)

Poor

FPACQ; Flemish Physical Activity Computerized Questionnaire [42]

Scheers et al. 2012

41.4 (9.8) yr;

BEL

SenseWear + electronic activity diary

Total sedentary time 0.54 (P < 0.001)

Screen time 0.57 (P = 0.648)

Motorized transport 0.58 (P < 0.001)

Poor

IPAQ (long); International Physical Activity Questionnaire [27]

Chastin et al. 2014

67%;

41.1 (9.0) yr;

GBR

ActivPal

0.159

(P = 0.193)

ICC 0.149

Good

IPAQ (long); International Physical Activity Questionnaire [82]

Chau et al. 2011

37%;

18–60+ yr;

AUS

Actigraph GT1M

Wk: 0.47

Wknd: 0.31

Total: 0.46

Poor

IPAQ (long); International Physical Activity Questionnaire [46]

Cleland et al. 2018

57%;

71.8 (6.6) yr;

GBR

Actigraph GT3X+

Wk: 0.70 (P < 0.01)

Wknd: 0.26

Wk: MD −168.6 min (LoA − 451.8; 114.6)

Wknd d: MD − 173.9 min (LoA − 441.6; 93.8)

Poor

IPAQ (long); International Physical Activity Questionnaire [26]

Craig et al. 2003

25–73%;

18–65 yr;

12 countries

Accelerometer (CSA model 7164)

Range: 0.14–0.51

Poor

IPAQ (long); International Physical Activity Questionnaire [44]

Rosenberg et al. 2008

45%;

35.9 (11.3) yr;

GBR, USA, NLD

Accelerometer (CSA model 7164)

0.33

Poor

IPAQ (long); International Physical Activity Questionnaire [47]

Ryan et al. 2018

48%;

73.7 (6.3) yr; GBR

GENEA, (GENEactiv Original)

0.29

MD 27.6 (LoA ± 26.5 hrs/week)

Poor

IPAQ (long); International Physical Activity Questionnaire [25]

Wanner et al. 2016

45%;

54.6 yr;

CHE

Actigraph GT3X

0.42 P ≤ 0.001

MD 26.4 min

(LoA − 12.0; 64.9)

Poor

OPAQ; Occupational Physical Activity Questionnaire [48]

Reis et al. 2005

32%;

38.8 (9.9) yr;

USA

Physical activity record

0.37

Poor

OSPAQ; Occupational Sitting and Physical Activity Questionnaire [28]

Chau et al. 2012

40%;

19–60+ yr;

AUS

ActiGraph GTIM

0.65 P < 0.01

MD 22 min (LoA − 141.53; 185.18)

Poor

OSPAQ; Occupational Sitting and Physical Activity Questionnaire [51]

Jancey et al. 2014

41%;

18–50+ yr;

AUS

ActiGraph

GT3X + on the waist or thigh

0.58 (0.33; 0.75)

MD − 25.4 min

(LoA − 784.7; 733.9)

Poor

OSPAQ; Occupational Sitting and Physical Activity Questionnaire [49]

Pedersen et al. 2016

25%;

45.62 (10.96) yr;

AUS

ActivPal

0.90

MD 3.16%

(LoA − 21.4%; 15.1%)

Poor

OSPAQ; Occupational Sitting and Physical Activity Questionnaire [50]

van Nassau et al. 2015

14%;

38 (11) yr;

AUS

ActivPAL

Day 1: 0.37 (P < 0.05)

Day 2: 0.48 (P < 0.05)

Day 3: 0.35 (P < 0.05)

only figures available for MD and LoA

Fair

PAS2; Physical Activity Scale [52]

Pedersen et al. 2017

38%;

46.7 (8.5) yr;

DNK

Actiheart

0.197 (P = 0.053)

MD −2.3 hrs

(LoA − 9.04; 4.34)

Poor

PASBAQ; Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour Assessment Questionnaire [53]

Scholes et al. 2014

46%;

M: 52.7 (17.7) yr

F: 51.8 (17.8) yr;

GBR

ActiGraph GT1M

Sedentary time for different cut-off points

M

< 50 cpm 0.25 (0.19; 0.31); < 100 cpm 0.25 (0.19; 0.30); < 200 cpm 0.23 (0.17; 0.29)

F

< 50 cpm 0.31 (0.25; 0.37); < 100 cpm 0.30 (0.24; 0.35); < 200 cpm 0.27 (0.21; 0.32)

Poor

PASB-Q; Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Questionnaire [54]

Fowles et al. 2017

19%;

M: 63 (9) yr

F: 55 (10) yr;

USA

ActiGraph® GT3X

Total SB: 0.29 P = 0.13

Breaks: 0.02 P > 0.05

Poor

PAST-U; Past-day Adults’ Sedentary Time University) [55]

Clark et al. 2016

53%;

26 (IQR 23; 31) yr;

AUS

ActivPAL

0.63 (0.44; 0.76)

ICC 0.64 (0.45; 0.77)

MD 0.08 hrs

(LoA − 3.9; 4.1)

Good

PAT Survey; Physical Activity and Transit Survey [56]

Yi et al. 2015

39%;

18–65+ yr;

USA

ActiGraph GT3X

0.32

P < 0.001

MD: 49 min

(LoA − 441; 343)

Poor

RPAQ; Recent Physical Activity Questionnaire [58]

Besson at el. 2010

50%;

F 34.3 (8.8) yr M 35.2 (9.9) yr;

GBR

Doubly labeled water and accelerometerwith heart rate

0.27 (P = 0.06)

0.7 hrs (LoA 6 2.8)

Poor

RPAQ; Recent Physical Activity Questionnaire [57]

Golubic et al. 2014

30%; F: 54.0 (9.3) yr, M: 55.0 (9.9) yr; EUR

Actiheart

F: 0.20 (0.14; 0.25)

M: 0.25 (0.19; 0.31)

F: MD −3.3 hrs

(LoA − 9.0; 4.1)

M: MD − 2.3 hrs

(LoA − 8.3; 5.5)

Total MD − 3.1 hrs

(LoA − 9.6; 4.9)

Poor

Regicor Short Physical Activity Questionnaire [59] Molina et al. 2017

45%;

54.5 (12.1) yr;

ESP

SenseWear Pro3 Armband

0.244 (P = 0.020)

Poor

SCCS PAQ; Southern Community Cohort Study Physical Activity Questionnaire [60]

Buchowski et al. 2012

48%;

54.5 (8.4) yr;

USA

RT3 Stayhealthy

Range 0.17–0.30

Poor

SITBRQ: Workplace Sitting Breaks Questionnaire [61] Pedisic et al. 2014

37%;

18–60+ yr;

AUS

Actigraph GT1M

Freq: 0.24 (0.07; 0.40)

Duration: 0.05 (− 0.12; 0.22)

Poor

Stand Up For Your Health Questionnaire [62]

Gardiner et al. 2011

27%;

72.8 (8.1) yr;

AUS

ActiGraph GTIM

0.30 (0.02; 0.54)

MD − 9.20 + 0.67 hrs

(LoA ± 3.82)

Poor

STAQ; Sedentary, Transportation and Activity Questionnaire [63]

Mensah et al. 2016

47%;

40.5 (14.3) yr;

FRA

Actigraph GT3X+ + Log

Total 0.54 (P < 0.001)

Work 0.88 (P < 0.001)

Transport 0.35 (P = 0.001)

Leisure time 0.19 (P = 0.09)

TV/DVD 0.46 (P < 0.001)

Computer/tablet/video game 0.42 (P < 0.001)

Total ICC 0.44 (0.25; 0.60)

Poor

TASST; TAxonomy of Self-report SB Tools [31]

4) Sum of domains; 5) Patterns

Chastin et al. 2018

48%;

64–83 yr;

GBR

ActivPal

Previous day

4) 0.23; 5) 0.17

Previous wk

4) 0.30; 5) 0.23

Unanchored

4) 0.16; 5) 0.02

All P-values< 0.001

Previous day

4) LoA − 273; 533

5) LoA − 472; 748

Previous wk

4) LoA − 413; 482

5) LoA − 529; 727

Unanchored

4) LoA-373; 529

5) LoA − 34; 980

All P-values < 0.001

Excellent

Survey of older adults’ sedentary time [64] Gennuso et al. 2016

36%; 70 (68–76) yr; USA

ActivPAL

0.06

(P = 0.72)

MD 0.31 hrs (LoA − 6.74; 7.37)

Fair

Web-based physical activity questionnaire Active-Q [65]

Bonn et al. 2015

100%;

65.4 (8.7) yr;

SWE

GENEA Accelerometer

0.19 (0.04; 0.34)

MD − 178 min (LoA − 606,25)

Poor

WSWQ; Percentage-Method Improves Properties of Workers’ Sitting- and Walking-Time Questionnaire [66]

Matsoe et al. 2016

58%;

F 35.8 (7.5) yr

M 46.3 (8.0) yr;

JPN

ActivPAL

Time method

At work: 0.56

Work day, not at work: 0.51

Non-workday: 0.37

Percentage method

At work: 0.65

Work day, not at work: 0.60

Non-workday: 0.53

All P < 0.05

Time method

At work: MD −7 min (LoA − 241; 241)

Non-workday: MD − 115 min (LoA − 588; 358)

Percentage method

At work: MD 35 min (LoA − 200; 269)

Non-workday: MD − 56 min (LoA − 392; 281)

Good

Cartmel et al. 1992 [72]

Questionnaire A

Questionnaire B

38%;

M 69 (66–80) yr;

F 74 (59–83) yr;

USA

Diary

Time difference

Qa 230 min P < 0.001

Qb 40 min, P = 0.47

Poor

Clark et al. 2011 [67]

40%;

Median 34.9 (28.5–46.0) yr;

AUS

Accelerometer

Sedentary time

0.39 (0.22; 0.53)

Sedentary breaks

0.26 (0.11; 0.44)

Sedentary time

MD −2.75 + 0.47* hrs

(LoA ±2.25)

Poor

Ishii et al. 2018 [85]

39.8%; 50.1 (7) yr; JPN

Active

style Pro, HJA-350IT

Total

0.49, P < 0.001

Workdays

0.57, P < 0.001

Non-workdays

0.23, P < 0.001

Total

MD − 13.4 min/d (LoA − 361.9; 335.2)

Workdays

MD − 0.4 min/d (LoA − 378.9; 378.1)

Non-workdays

MD − 49.2 min/d (LoA − 477.7; 379.2)

Poor

Jefferis et al. 2016 [68]

100%;

79 (71–93) yr;

GBR

ActiGraph

GT3X +

0.17

P < 0.001

MD 300 min (LoA − 6; 607)

Poor

Lagersted-Olsen et al. 2014 [69]

53%;

40.9 (8.6) yr;

DNK

ActiGraph GT3X+ + diary

Work:

Total 0.081 (P = 0.699)

Uninterrupted sitting 0.315(P = 0.126)

Leisure time at workday:

Total − 0.185 (P = 0.366)

Uninterrupted sitting − 0.069 (P = 0.762)

Leisure day:

Total 0.100 (P = 0.626)

Uninterrupted sitting 0.063 (P = 0.770)

Work:

MD 0.0 (LoA −3.4; 3.4)

Leisure:

MD 2.4 (LoA − 7.8; 3.0)

Uninterrupted sitting:

MD 0.5 (LoA − 1.1; 2.1)

Poor

Sudholz et al. 2017 [71]

58%;

32.1 (9.9) yr;

AUS

ActivPal

Sitting time 0.24

(− 1.0; 0.47)

Breaks 0.39

(0.25; 0.74)

Good

ASBQ; Adult Sedentary Behaviour Questionnaire [21]

Chu et al. 2018

31%; 20–65 yr; SGP

Actigraph GT3X-BL

Self-administered: 0.31 (− 0.02; 0.58)

Interview administered:

− 0.07 (− 0.37; 0.24)

MD 4.6 min/d (LoA − 431.2; 440.4)

More details see full study

Poor

D-SQ; Domain-Specific Questionnaire [35]

Kozey-Keadle et al. 2012

75%;

46.5 (10.8) yr;

USA

ActivPal

wk 0.30; wknd:0.17

Wk 176 min

(96.1; 256.9)

Wknd 157.6 min

(22.1; 293.0)

Poor

MPAQ; Madras Physical Activity Questionnaire [73]

Anjana et al. 2015

53%;

44.4 (14.2) yr;

IND

GT3X+ Triaxial

0.48 (0.32; 0.62)

Poor

MSTQ; Multicontext Sitting Time Questionnaire [74]

Whitfield et al. 2013

44%;

34.5 (7.7) yr;

USA

ActiGraph

GT1M

Work 0.34 P = 0.13

Non-working 0.61 P= 0.01

Poor

PAFQ: Physical Activity Frequency Questionnaire [75] Verhoog et al. 2019

49%;

60.5 (9.4) yr;

CHE

GENEActive

Total minutes 0.37 (0.33; 0.41)

Total % of time 0.39 (0.35; 0.43)

No exact numbers available for MD and LoA, figure only

Poor

PAST-WEEK-U [76]

Moulin et al. 2019

12%;

≤ 19 yr: 64%

20–24 yr: 36%;

CAN

ActivPAL4

MD 0.09 hrs/day (LoA − 5.38; 5.55)

Poor

NIGHTLY-WEEK-U [76]

Moulin et al. 2019

4%;

≤ 19 yr: 48%;

20–24 yr: 52%;

CAN

ActivPAL4

MD 0.21 hrs/day

(LoA − 1.75; 2.17)

Poor

SBQ: Sedentary Behaviour Questionnaire [24]

Kastelic et al. 2019

88%;

M: 38 (8) yr F: 50 (7) yr; SVN

ActivPAL 3

0.018, P = 0.910

MD − 181 min

(LoA − 467; 105)

Fair

SBQ; Sedentary Behaviour Questionnaire [43]

Prince et al. 2018

5%;

42.8 (11.9) yr;

CAN

ActiGraph GT3X

0.43 (P < 0.001)

MD 350.27–0.6685* min

Poor

SBQ; Sedentary Behaviour Questionnaire [77]

Rosenberg et al. 2010

48%;

M: 43.9 (8.0) yr

F: 41.2 (8.7) yr;

USA

Actigraph (model WAM 7164)

Wk − 0.02 (0.78)

Wknd − 0.005 (0.93)

Total − 0.01 (0.81)

Poor

SIT-Q; Sedentary Behavior Questionnaire [78]

Lynch et al. 2014

41%;

38.0 (19.5) yr;

CAN

1) Diary – postural definition

2) Diary MET-based definition

1) Postural definition

Total 0.53 (P < 0.01)

Meals 0.19 (P = 0.11)

Transportation 0.37 (P < 0.01)

Work, study, and volunteering 0.76 (P < 0.01)

Care 0.49 (P < 0.01)

Leisure time 0.26 (P = 0.03)

2) MET-based definition

Total 0.52 (P < 0.01)

Meals 0.29 (P = 0.01)

Transportation 0.34 (P < 0.01)

Work, study, and volunteering 0.75 (P < 0.01)

Care 0.46 (P < 0.01)

Leisure time 0.26 (P = 0.03)

Poor

SIT-Q-7d; last 7-d sedentary behavior questionnaire [79]

Busschaert etl al. 2015

Adults:

36%;

47.7 (10.5) yr;

Older adults:

61%;

72.2 (4.4) yr;

BEL

ActivPAL

Adults:

Average day 0.49 (0.18; 0.71) P = 0.004

Wk 0.52 (0.22; 0.73) P = 0.002

Wknd 0.36 (− 0.29; 0.40) P = 0.743

Older Adults:

Average day 0.48 (0.16; 0.71) P = 0.005

Wk 0.50 (0.19; 0.72) P = 0.003

Wknd 0.38 (0.04; 0.64) P = 0.030

Fair

SIT-Q-7d; last 7-d sedentary behavior questionnaire [80]

Wijndeale et al.2014

38%;

38.4 (11.3) yr;

BEL

ActivPAL + domain log

Dutch version

Total 0.52 P < 0.001

Meals 0.21 P > 0.05

Transportation 0.46 P < 0.001

Occupation 0.63 P < 0.001

Screen time 0.76 P < 0.001

Other 0.36 P < 0.05

Dutch

MD 59 min (LoA − 4.81; 8.17)

Good

STAR-Q [81]

Csizmadi et al. 2014

40%;

M: 50.6 (6.9) yr

F: 46.0 (8.6) yr;

CAN

Doubly Labeled Water and 7-d activity diary

Total 0.40 P < 0.001

Occupational sitting 0.75

Poor

TASST TAxonomy of Self-report SB Tools [31]

6) Sum of behaviours

Chastin et al. 2018

48%;

64–83 yr;

GBR

ActivPal

Previous day

6) 0.23

Previous wk

6) 0.32

Unanchored

6) 0.33

All P-values< 0.001

Previous day

6) -651; 367

Previous wk

6) -755; 265

Unanchored

6) -725; 286

Excellent

WSQ; Workforce Sitting Questionnaire [82]

Chau et al. 2011

37%;

18–60+ yr;

AUS

Actigraph GT1M

Work: 0.45

workday: 0.34

non-work: 0.23

Total: 0.40

Total MD 44.55

(LoA − 295.31; 384.41)

Work day MD 1.58 (LoA − 227.86; 231.02)

Poor

WSQ; Workforce Sitting Questionnaire [50]

van Nassau et al. 2015

14%;

38 (11) yr;

AUS

ActivPAL

Day 1: 0.25 (P > 0.05)

Day 2: 0.29 (P > 0.05)

Day 3: 0.30 (P > 0.05)

No exact numbers available for MD and LoA, figure only

Fair

WSQ; Workforce Sitting Questionnaire [83]

Toledo et al. 2019

25%;

45.1 (16.4) yr;

USA

ActivPAL

MD (95% CI):

Work hours 47.9 min (39.2; 56.6)

Non work hours on workdays − 38.3 (− 47.4; − 29.1)

Non work hours on non-workdays − 106.7 (− 124.0; −  89.5)

Kappa agreement (95% CI): 0.13 (0.08; 0.18)

Poor

Clark et al. 2015 [84]

45%;

59 yr (range 35–65+);

AUS

ActivPAL3

0.46 (0.40; 0.52)

0.53*average hrs (LoA ±4,32 h)

Excellent

Clemes et al. 2012 [33]

30%;

41.5 (12.8) yr;

GBR

ActiGraph

Domain specific:

wk.: 0.54 (P < 0.001)

wknd: 0.13 (P = 0.41)

ICC

Domain:

wk.: 0.64 (P < 0.001)

wknd: 0.20 (P = 0.23)

Poor

Marshall et al. 2010 [86]

38%;

F: 51–59 yr

M: < 50 - > 60 yr;

AUS

7-d behaviour log for correlation coefficient and ActiGraph GT1M for Bland-Altman plots

Travel

F wk. 0.47; wknd 0.20

M wk. 0.64; wknd 0.15

Work

F wk. 0.69; wknd 0.38

M wk. 0.74; wknd 0.13

TV

F wk. 0.61; wknd 0.53

M wk. 0.50; wknd 0.33

Computer

F wk. 0.74; wknd 0.64

M wk. 0.69; wknd 0.61

Other Leisure

F wk. 0.26; wknd 0.42

M wk. 0.21; wknd 0.19

F

Wk:-63.6 (− 395.5; 268.4)

Wknd: 10.8 (− 396.0; 419.7)

Poor

Van Cauwenberg et al. 2014 [87]

45%;

74.2 (6.2) yr;

BEL

Actigraph GT3X +

0.30 (P < 0.001)

MD − 81.88

(LoA − 364.16; 200.41) at 540 min/d

Poor

Visser et al. 2013 [88]

51%;

74.3 (6.9) yr;

NLD

Actigraph Model GT3X

0.35 (P < 0.05)

MD − 2.1 hrs

(LoA − 7.40; 3.25)

Poor

7-day SLIPA Log; (7-day Sedentary and Light Intensity Physical Activity Log) [89]

Barwais et al. 2014

48%;

26.5 (4.1) yr;

USA

GT3X

0.86 (0.70; 0.94)

MD − 0.3 hrs

(LoA − 2.1; 1.6)

Poor

BAR; Bouchard Activity Record [90]

Hart et al. 2011

50%;

F: 30.2 (9.5) yr

M: 29.1 (7.9) yr; USA

ActivPAL

0.87 P < 0.05

Fair

BeWell24 Self-Monitoring App

Toledo et al. 2017 [91]

85%;

49.0 (8.9) yr;

USA

ActivPAL3c

ICC 0.35 (0.04; 0.56)

MD − 160.4 min

(LoA-179.8; − 141.0)

Poor

cpar24; Computer-Based 24-Hour Physical Activity Recall Instrument [92]

Kohler et al. 2017

49%;

50 (22–69) yr;

DEU

ActiGraph GT3X

0.54

MD − 31 min

(LoA − 380; 319)

Poor

EMA; Ecological Momentary Assessment [93]

Knell et al. 2017

33%;

43.4 (13.1) yr;

USA

ActiGraph GT3X

0.16 (P = 0.03)

Poor

MARCA; Multimedia Activity Recall for Children and Adults [32]

Aguilar-Farias et al. 2015

34%;

74.5 (7.6) yr;

AUS

ActivPAL 3

day 0.63; wk.: 0.67; wknd: 0.47

Fair

MARCA; Multimedia Activity Recall for Children and Adults [94]

Gomersall et al. 2015

52%; 28 (7.4) yr; AUS

ActivPAL

0.77 (0.64; 0.86) P < 0.01

MD 0.59 hrs (LoA − 2.35; 3.53)

Good

PAMS; Physical Activity Measurement Survey [95]

Kim et al. 2017

42%;

46.2 (SE 0.4) yr;

USA

SenseWear Armband Mini

Day 1: 0.45 (P = 0.04)

Day 2: 0.49 (P = 0.04)

LoA − 618.6; 176.0 min

Poor

PDR; Previous Day Recall [45]

Kozey Keadle et al. 2014

47%; 33.1 (11.5) yr; USA

Direct observation

ICC

Total 0.81 (0.58; 0.91) Home 0.96 (0.91; 0.98) Work/School 0.93 (0.86; 0.97 Community 0.71 (0.47; 0.86) Household activity 0.84 (0.69; 0.93) Work 0.88 (0.75; 0.94)

Education 0.12 (− 0.29; 0.48)

Transportation 0.62 (0.32; 0.81)

Leisure 0.55 (0.23; 0.77)

Poor

Time Use Survey

van der Ploeg et al. 2010 [96]

59%;

18–63 yr;

AUS

ActiGraph GT1M

Household

Day 1: 0.39 (P < 0.05)

Day 2: 0.49 (P < 0.05)

Leisure time

Day 1: 0.56 (P < 0.05)

Day 2: 0.47 (P < 0.05)

Transportation

Day 1: 0.50 (P < 0.05)

Day 2: 0.42 (P < 0.05)

Non-occupational sedentary time

Day 1: 0.57 (P < 0.05)

Day 2: 0.59 (P < 0.05)

Poor

Updated PDR; Updated Previous Day Recall [97]

Matthews et al. 2013

46%;

41.3 (14.8) yr;

USA

ActivPal

M 0.81 (0.05)

F 0.81 (0.04)

M MD 0.72 hrs

(LoA − 2.61; 4.05)

F MD 0.75 hrs

(LoA − 2.21; 3.71)

Good