Table 3 Combinations of physical activity, sedentary time, and sleep duration and their relationships with other mental health indicators
No of studies | Design | Quality assessment | No of participants | Absolute effect | Quality | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Risk of bias | Inconsistency | Indirectness | Imprecision | Other | |||||
10 | Cross-sectional studya | Serious risk of biasb | No serious inconsistency | No serious indirectness | No serious imprecision | None | 111,641 | MEETING ALL 3 RECOMMENDATIONS [18, 20, 33,34,35,36,37,38,39] 10/10 studies found that meeting all 3 recommendations was associated with lower odds of mental outcomes among children and adolescents compared with meeting none. Anxiety [39] Among children, meeting all three guidelines was associated with lower odds of anxiety compared to meeting the physical activity, and the screen time recommendations. Among adolescents, meeting all three guidelines was associated with lower odds of anxiety compared to meeting none of the recommendations Social and emotional health [33, 34, 37] 3/3 studies found that participants achieving all 3 recommendations had preferable scores for the health outcomes compared with participants who did not meet the recommendations. Health-related quality of life [35, 38] 1/2 study found that the relationship between children’s health-related quality of life and their movement behaviors is moderated by their country’s human development index [38]. 1/2 study found that meeting all three recommendations was associated with significantly better HRQoL than not meeting any of these guidelines [35]. Substance usec [18] 1/1 study found that compared with meeting none of the recommendations, meeting all 3 recommendations was associated with lower odds of alcohol consumption among females, and cannabis use among males. Meeting all 3 recommendations was also associated with greater odds of smoking cigarette among males Impulsivity [36] 1/1 study found that meeting all 3 recommendations was associated with better impulsivity scores compared with meeting none. Cognitive functions [20] 1/1 study found that meeting all three recommendations was associated with superior global cognition compared with meeting none. Life satisfaction and prosocial behaviour [37]. 1/1 study found that participants achieving all 3 recommendations had preferable scores for the health outcomes compared with participants who did not meet the recommendations. DIFFERENT COMBINATIONS OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY + SEDENTARY TIME + SLEEP 9/10 studies assessed different combinations between movement recommendations and mental health outcomes [20, 33,34,35,36,37,38,39]. 3/10 studies found that meeting the screen time recommendation alone, and both the screen time and sleep duration recommendations, were consistently associated with better cognitive functions, impulsivity scores and HRQoL [20, 36, 38]. 2/10 studies found a dose-response relationship between the number of recommendations met and mental health outcomes [33, 37]. 2/10 studies used compositional data analyses and found that the composition of movement behaviours was associated with social and emotional health [34] and with HRQoL [35]; whereas 8/10 used traditional methods [18,19,20, 33, 36,37,38,39]. | VERY LOW |