Table 1 Characteristics of study participantsa, b
Variable | Total (n = 204) | Control (n = 70) | Intervention (n = 134) |
|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 64 (6) | 63 (6) | 64 (6) |
Male sex | 131 (64) | 45 (64) | 86 (64) |
Ethnicity: White British | 180 (88) | 63 (90) | 117 (87) |
Marital Status: Married | 150 (74) | 54 (77) | 96 (72) |
Employment status | |||
In full or part-time employment | 85 (42) | 31 (44) | 54 (40) |
Retired | 116 (57) | 38 (54) | 78 (58) |
Area deprivation (IMD score) | 7.6 (2.3) | 7.7 (2.4) | 7.6 (2.3) |
Education levels | |||
Up to age 16 or less | 63 (31) | 18 (26) | 45 (34) |
Up to age 18 | 60 (29) | 26 (37) | 34 (25) |
Undergraduate / higher degree | 81 (40) | 26 (37) | 55 (41) |
Current smoker | 20 (10) | 10 (14) | 10 (7) |
Body mass (kg) | 85.2 (14.3) | 86.6 (14.1) | 84.5 (14.4) |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 29.1 (4.4) | 29.4 (4.3) | 28.9 (4.4) |
DEXA | |||
Total body fat (%) | 33.4 (8.1) | 33.0 (8.5) | 33.5 (7.9) |
Visceral body fat (cm2) | 188 (60) | 195 (66) | 184 (57) |
Fat mass index (kg/m2) | 9.7 (3.5) | 9.7 (3.6) | 9.7 (3.4) |
Waist circumference (cm) | 100.3 (10.6) | 101.2 (10.6) | 99.8 (10.5) |
Blood pressure (mm Hg) | |||
Systolic | 132 (16) | 132 (17) | 132 (16) |
Diastolic | 84 (9) | 83 (10) | 84 (9) |
Fasting glucose (mmol/L) | 5.1 (0.5) | 5.1 (0.5) | 5.1 (0.4) |
Fasting insulin (mU/L) median (IQR) | 54.8 (41.1, 82.2) | 58.9 (37.5, 84.1) | 51.4 (42.4, 80.4) |
HOMA-IR median (IQR) | 1.8 (1.3, 2.7) | 1.9 (1.2, 2.8)) | 1.7 (1.3, 2.6) |
Cholesterol (mmol/L) | |||
Total cholesterol | 5.8 (1.0) | 5.7 (0.9) | 5.9 (1.1) |
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol | 3.6 (0.9) | 3.5 (0.9) | 3.7 (1.0) |
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol | 1.6 (0.4) | 1.5 (0.4) | 1.6 (0.5) |
Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.4 (0.6) | 1.4 (0.7) | 1.4 (0.6) |
QRISK2: 10-year risk (%) | 14.4 (6.3) | 13.8 (6.2) | 14.8 (6.4) |
QDiabetes: 10-year risk (%) | 13.5 (9.4) | 12.9 (6.9) | 13.9 (10.5) |
Physical Activity | |||
Sedentary time (min/day) | 662 (111) | 651 (117) | 668 (107) |
MVPA (min/day) | 149 (57) | 157 (60) | 146 (56) |
MVPA10 (min/day) | 96 (47) | 103 (52) | 92 (44) |
Vigorous10 (min/day) median (IQR) | 3 (0, 9) | 3 (0, 11) | 3 (0, 8) |
PAL | 1.68 (0.16) | 1.70 (0.16) | 1.67 (0.16) |
EQ 5-D VAS | 72 (16) | 73 (16) | 71 (15) |