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Table 2 Pooled effect estimates and heterogeneity of the correlation coefficients for the reproducibility of FFQ for energy and macronutrienta

From: A meta-analysis of the reproducibility of food frequency questionnaires in nutritional epidemiological studies

Nutrient

ICC

SCC

Crude

Energy-adjusted

Crude

Energy-adjusted

N

ICC (95% CI)

I2

N

ICC (95% CI)

I2

N

ICC (95% CI)

I2

N

ICC (95% CI)

I2

Energy

61

0.709 (0.652, 0.758)

96.3

N/A

N/A

N/A

106

0.649 (0.624, 0.673)

84.6

N/A

N/A

N/A

Protein

63

0.648 (0.612, 0.682)

88.3

25

0.600 (0.546, 0.650)

80.4

106

0.609 (0.584, 0.632)

80.6

64

0.558 (0.521, 0.593)

80.5

Fat

55

0.644 (0.599, 0.684)

91.1

19

0.564 (0.483, 0.634)

86.3

104

0.623 (0.599, 0.644)

78.4

56

0.555 (0.516, 0.593)

81.3

Plant fat

5

0.572 (0.461, 0.665)

60.0

2

0.615 (0.489, 0.715)

0

6

0.548 (0.468, 0.619)

62.0

2

0.580 (0.214, 0.803)

90.6

Animal fat

2

0.696 (0.462, 0.839)

74.7

2

0.725 (0.585, 0.822)

46.4

4

0.693 (0.661, 0.722)

0

2

0.575 (0.513, 0.630)

0

MUFA

41

0.641 (0.603, 0.675)

80.9

18

0.630 (0.557, 0.693)

83.7

50

0.612 (0.583, 0.639)

68.0

31

0.551 (0.495, 0.602)

81.3

PUFA

45

0.641 (0.575, 0.699)

94.6

45

0.573 (0.488, 0.646)

85.5

57

0.595 (0.566, 0.623)

73.4

31

0.521 (0.466, 0.572)

79.4

n-3 PUFA

2

0.703 (0.657, 0.745)

63.1

1

0.420 (0.187, 0.607)

N/A

6

0.619 (0.573, 0.661)

59.8

5

0.469 (0.402, 0.532)

36.9

n-6 PUFA

2

0.727 (0.684, 0.764)

61.3

1

0.510 (0.295, 0.675)

N/A

6

0.594 (0.563, 0.624)

18.3

5

0.441 (0.355, 0.519)

57.4

SFA

49

0.687 (0.612, 0.749)

96.6

19

0.639 (0.564, 0.704)

86.4

65

0.626 (0.598, 0.651)

76.6

37

0.567 (0.520, 0.610)

81.6

Linoleic acid

5

0.666 (0.491, 0.790)

93.3

3

0.685 (0.591, 0.760)

71.0

9

0.615 (0.552, 0.670)

80.6

9

0.577 (0.487, 0.653)

86.3

Linolenic acid

4

0.658 (0.498, 0.775)

88.9

2

0.630 (0.527, 0.714)

47.8

3

0.684 (0.576, 0.769)

86.3

4

0.642 (0.486, 0.759)

91.0

EPA

2

0.600 (0.511, 0.676)

0

N/A

N/A

N/A

3

0.785 (0.579, 0.896)

87

2

0.726 (0.349, 0.901)

87.4

DHA

2

0.611 (0.525, 0.686)

0

N/A

N/A

N/A

3

0.749 (0.616, 0.840)

67.4

N/A

N/A

N/A

Trans-fat

4

0.604 (0.453, 0.721)

79.3

2

0.479 (0.385, 0.562)

0

6

0.615 (0.419, 0.756)

91.0

2

0.586 (−0.07, 0.889)

93.8

Cholesterol

48

0.657 (0.610, 0.699)

90.5

25

0.618 (0.560, 0.670)

82.1

66

0.614 (0.584, 0.642)

79.5

37

0.556 (0.507, 0.603)

82.6

Lipid

4

0.701 (0.459, 0.846)

93.4

4

0.662 (0.370, 0.835)

94.5

6

0.551 (0.495, 0.603)

0

4

0.567 (0.327, 0.738)

83.7

Carbohydrate

64

0.680 (0.616, 0.735)

96.7

23

0.641 (0.566, 0.704)

90.1

101

0.637 (0.609, 0.663)

86.3

60

0.586 (0.547, 0.622)

83.5

Sucrose

4

0.633 (0.533, 0.715)

73.1

1

0.679 (0.607, 0.741)

N/A

7

0.709 (0.644, 0.764)

67.4

1

0.632 (0.513, 0.726)

N/A

Sugar

8

0.707 (0.618, 0.777)

81.4

1

0.779 (0.747, 0.808)

N/A

11

0.689 (0.626, 0.743)

79.2

5

0.639 (0.516, 0.737)

88.6

Starch

2

0.510 (0.264, 0.693)

85.5

N/A

N/A

N/A

4

0.641 (0.604, 0.675)

0

2

0.606 (0.553, 0.654)

0

Fiber

54

0.683 (0.638, 0.723)

92.0

21

0.670 (0.595, 0.733)

91.1

87

0.639 (0.609, 0.667)

84.5

53

0.621 (0.581, 0.658)

83.3

Soluble fiber

2

0.780 (0.679, 0.852)

94.8

1

0.499 (0.340, 0.630)

N/A

14

0.658 (0.603, 0.706)

78.8

10

0.590 (0.493, 0.672)

77.0

Insoluble fiber

2

0.784 (0.684, 0.855)

94.9

2

0.690 (0.616, 0.752)

84.6

12

0.649 (0.595, 0.698)

54.9

12

0.603 (0.527, 0.670)

74.1

Alcohol

22

0.803 (0.749, 0.847)

90.1

9

0.803 (0.725, 0.860)

88.7

47

0.851 (0.821, 0.877)

93.5

27

0.793 (0.746, 0.831)

91.0

  1. aCI confidence interval, I2 inconsistency index, N/A not available