Table 1 Sample and study characteristics
From: Effects of physical activity programs on sleep outcomes in older adults: a systematic review
Article | Sample size | Age (range and mean) | Setting | Duration exercise program | Data collection | Intervention group | Control group | Sleep measurement |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Stevenson and Topp (1990) [68] | n = 72 (intervention group: moderate intensity exercise n = 39, control group: low intensity exercise n = 33) | 60-81y (mean age 63,9y) | community dwelling older adults | 9 months | month 0 - month 4,5 - month 9 | Supervised exercise session: stretching, cycling, slow walking and stretching, moderate intensity 60–70% HRR (3/week, 55–60 min) | low intensity exercise group as control (same exercise as intervention group, but lower intensity 30–40% HRR) | self-reported Likert type instrument developed by Topp (1986) |
Naylor et al. (2000) [69] | n = 23 (intervention group n = 14, control group n = 9) | intervention group: 65-92y (mean age 75,2y); control group: 66-92y (mean age 71,2y) | homes or appartement complexes | 14 days | day 0 - day 14 | Light physical activity, stretching, cooling down stretching exercises (1x/day, 45 min) | usual daily activities | polysomnography |
Frye et al. (2007) [70] | n = 74 (intervention group 1 Tai Chi n = 23, intervention group 2 low impact exercise n = 28 and control group n = 21) | 52-82y (mean age 69,2y) | community dwelling older adults | 12 weeks | week 0 - week 12 | Tai Chi and low impact exercises (3x/week, 60 min) | usual daily activities | PSQI (only subscale sleep disturbances) |
Chen and Tseng (2008) [71] | n = 14 | 60-86y (mean age 68,93y) | senior activity center | 4 weeks | week 0 - week 4 | Silver yoga exercise program (3x/week, 70 min) | no control group | PSQI |
Chen et al. (2009) [72] | n = 128 (intervention group, n = 62, control group, n = 66) | 60-75y (mean age 69,20y) | senior activity centres | 6 months | month 0 - month 3 - month 6 | Silver yoga exercise program (3x/week, 70 min) | waitlist control group, usual daily activities | PSQI |
Chen et al. (2010) [73] | n = 55 (intervention n = 31 and control, n = 24) | (mean age 75,40y) | assisted living facility | 6 months | month 0 - month 3 - month 6 | Silver yoga exercise program (3x/week, 70 min) | usual daily activities | PSQI |
Hosseini et al. (2011) [74] | n = 56 (intervention group n = 27 and control group n = 29) | 60-83y (mean age 68,74y) | nursing home | 12 weeks | week 0 - week 12 | Tai Chi (3x/week,20–25 min) | usual daily activities | PSQI |
Chen et al. (2012) [75] | n = 55 (intervention group n = 27, control group n = 28) | intervention group: 60-83y (mean age 71,75y) | rural community setting | 12 weeks | week 0 - week 4 - week 8 - week 12 | Baduanjin exercise program (3x/week, 30 min) | usual daily activities | PSQI |
Nguyen and Kruse (2012) [76] | n = 96 (intervention group n = 48, control group n = 48) | 60-79y (mean age 68,9y) | community dwelling older adults | 6 months | month 0 - month 6 - follow up | Tai chi training (2x/week, 60 min) | usual daily activities | PSQI |
Oudegeest-Sander et al. (2013) [77] | n = 21 (intervention group n = 11, young control group n = 10) | intervention group: (mean age 69y) young control group: (mean age 27y) | local community setting | 12 months | month 0 - month 6 - month 12 | Cycling exercise training, 70–85% HR (3/week, 45 min) | usual daily activities | accelerometers: Sesewear pro 3 armband SWA |
Hariprasad et al. (2013) [78] | n = 87 (intervention group n = 44, control group n = 43) | intervention group: (mean age 75,74y) control group: (mean age 74,78y) | nursing home | 6 months | month 0 - month 6 | Yoga program (1x/dag, 60 min) | waitlist control | PSQI |
Melancon et al. (2015) [79] | n = 13 | 57-70y (mean age 64y) | community dwelling older adults | 16 weeks | week 0 - week 16 | Aerobic exercise: progressively increased intensity brisk walking (3x/week, 45 min + 5–10 min warm-up and cool down) | waitlist control | (1) polysomnography and (2) PSQI |
Chan and Chen (2016) [80] | n = 169 (intervention group, n = 84 and control group, n = 85) | 65-87y (mean age 71,28y) | senior activity centres | 6 months | month 0 - month 3 - month 6 | Senior elastic band exercise program: warm-up, aerobic motion, static stretching (3x/week, 40 min) | usual daily activities | PSQI |
Curi et al. (2018) [81] | n = 61 (intervention group, n = 31, control group, n = 30) | 60-74y intervention group: (mean age 64,25y) control group: (mean age 63,75y) | senior activity center | 16 weeks | week 0 - week 16 | Pilates (1x/week, 60 min) | usual daily activities | PSQI |