The effect of moving to East Village, the former London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games Athletes' Village, on mode of travel (ENABLE London study, a natural experiment)

Table 3 Change in daily minutes of each GPS motion category in East Village group relative to change in Control group, overall and by housing group

GPS motion category	All housing groups^(a,b)			Social^(a)			Intermediate^(a)			Market rent^(a)
	N = 578			N = 201			N = 283			N = 94
	Difference	(95% CI)	p-value	Difference	(95% CI)	p-value	Difference	(95% CI)	p-value	Difference	(95% CI)	p-value
Walking	−1.4	(− 5.3, 2.5)	0.48	− 1.8	(− 8.4, 4.8)	0.59	− 1.9	(− 7.5, 3.8)	0.52	− 4.2	(− 15.4, 7.0)	0.46
Cycling	1.1	(−0.5, 2.7)	0.17	0.3	(−0.8, 1.4)	0.58	1.0	(−1.6, 3.7)	0.44	1.9	(−3.6, 7.4)	0.50
Walking + cycling	−0.4	(−4.7, 3.8)	0.85	−1.5	(−8.4, 5.4)	0.68	−0.9	(−7.1, 5.4)	0.78	−2.4	(−16.0, 11.3)	0.74
Motorised vehicle	−8.3	(−14.0, − 2.5)	0.01	−6.2	(− 18.9, 6.6)	0.34	−9.6	(− 16.9, − 2.2)	0.01	− 6.9	(− 19.9, 6.1)	0.30
Overground train	−0.8	(−3.7, 2.2)	0.62	− 1.7	(−5.8, 2.4)	0.41	− 1.5	(− 6.0, 3.0)	0.51	0.2	(−10.1, 10.6)	0.97
Underground train^(c)	3.9	(1.2, 6.5)	0.005	4.0	(−0.1, 8.1)	0.06	1.6	(−2.7, 6.0)	0.46	11.5	(4.4, 18.6)	0.001
Stationary	− 247	(− 279, − 214)	< 0.001	−354	(− 405, − 304)	< 0.001	− 205	(− 252, − 157)	< 0.001	−127	(− 217, − 38)	0.01
Total GPS minutes	− 253	(− 288, − 217)	< 0.001	− 357	(− 412, − 302)	< 0.001	−217	(− 269, − 164)	< 0.001	− 126	(− 223, − 29)	0.01

^aAll models are adjusted for sex, age group, ethnic group as fixed effects and household as a random effect in a multi-level model
^bThe model for all housing group additionally adjusts for housing tenure group as a fixed effect
^cUnderground minutes are assumed from portions of missing GPS signal where the GPS signal is lost within 200 m of an underground station and regained within 200 m of a different underground station

ISSN: 1479-5868