| Intervention Group | Comparison group | Between group difference; P value |  |  |  | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | Mean (SD) | 95% CI | N | Mean (SD) | 95% CI | Unadjusted mean (95% CI) | P value | Adjusted for all SAP variables (95% CI) | P value | |
Changes in anthropometric measures | ||||||||||
 Measured body weight (kg) | ||||||||||
  Baseline | 278 | 80.9 (13.3) |  | 281 | 81.9 (12.8) |  |  |  |  |  |
  12 months | 226 | 77.8 (12.6) |  | 240 | 80.2 (12.7) |  |  |  |  |  |
  Difference to baseline | 225 | −2.5 (4.4) | −3.1 to −1.9 | 240 | −1.2 (5.0) | −1.8 to −0.6 | −1.59 (−3.17 to − 0.01) | 0.048 | −1.29 (−2.15 to − 0.43) | 0.003 |
 Self-reported body weight (kg) | ||||||||||
  Baseline | 267 | 79.4 (12.9) |  | 272 | 80.4 (12.7) |  |  |  |  |  |
  12 weeks | 253 | 78.0 (12.4) |  | 228 | 79.9 (13.5) |  |  |  |  |  |
  Difference to baseline | 245 | −1.5 (3.3) | −1.9 to − 1.1 | 224 | −0.7 (3.4) | − 1.2 to − 0.3 |  |  |  |  |
  12 months | 219 | 76.9 (12.7) |  | 224 | 78.9 (12.7) |  |  |  |  |  |
  Difference to baseline | 210 | −2.1 (4.8) | −2.8 to −1.5 | 219 | −0.9 (5.5) | −1.6 to − 0.1 | −1.37 (− 2.97 to 0.23) | 0.092 | −1.23 (− 2.20 to − 0.25) | 0.014 |
 Mean waist circumference (cm) | ||||||||||
  Baseline | 279 | 98.1 (12.5) |  | 281 | 98.7 (11.7) |  |  |  |  |  |
  12 months | 226 | 95.5 (11.7) |  | 239 | 97.4 (12.0) |  |  |  |  |  |
  Difference to baseline | 226 | −2.3 (6.0) | −3.1 to −1.5 | 239 | −1.0 (6.6) | −1.8 to −0.2 | − 1.20 (− 2.67 to 0.28) | 0.110 | −1.24 (− 2.38 to − 0.10) | 0.033 |
 BMI (measured)a | ||||||||||
  Baseline | 279 | 31.0 (4.7) |  | 281 | 31.3 (4.3) |  |  |  |  |  |
  12 months | 226 | 29.9 (4.6) |  | 240 | 30.6 (4.3) |  |  |  |  |  |
  Difference to baseline | 226 | −1.0 (1.6) | −1.2 to −0.7 | 240 | −0.5 (1.9) | −0.7 to − 0.2 | 0.98 (0.97 to 0.10) | 0.048 | 0.98 (0.97 to 0.99) | 0.002 |
 Percent weight loss at 12 monthsb | ||||||||||
   ≥ 5% n (%) | 279 | 76 (27.2%) |  | 281 | 46 (16.4%) |  | Odds ratio 2.15 (1.41 to 3.29) | < 0.001 | Odds ratio 2.20 (1.41 to 3.43) | < 0.001 |