Table 4 Propensity score adjusted changes in Fruit and Vegetable (FV) intake, skin carotenoids, and sugary beverage intake over time, with propensity scores, and using only customers from the six stores with data for multiple years. These models are adjusted for age, gender, race, education, employment, income, and shopping frequency, except when stratified by shopping frequency

AMONG ALL CUSTOMERS (n = 1222):

Means (SE)

P (df = 3)

P (df = 1)

P (df = 3)

National Cancer Institute FV Screener,²¹ servings/day N = 1172

No

3.5 (0.33)

3.3 (0.36)

3.4 (0.35)

4.1 (0.36)

0.958

0.222

0.050

Yes

3.4 (0.38)

3.2 (0.37)

3.3 (0.36)

2.7 (0.37)

p-net

0.875

0.912

0.034

2-item screener, FV servings/day²⁰

No

3.9 (0.29)

3.1 (0.31)

3.4 (0.31)

3.4 (0.31)

0.046

0.341

0.220

N = 1185

Yes

3.6 (0.32)

3.2 (0.32)

4.3 (0.31)

3.8 (0.31)

p-net

0.444

0.040

0.193

Veggie Meter® skin carotenoid score

No

228.2 (7.22)

239.7 (7.53)

227.8 (7.37)

218.7 (7.40)

0.159

0.383

0.186

N = 1167

Yes

239.6 (7.76)

228.1 (7.87)

242.9 (7.47)

226.8 (7.49)

p-net

0.078

0.784

0.794

Sugary beverage servings/day

No

2.0 (0.22)

2.0 (0.24)

1.7 (0.24)

1.6 (0.24)

0.189

0.498

0.944

N = 1203

Yes

1.7 (0.26)

1.8 (0.26)

1.6 (0.25)

1.5 (0.25)

p-net

0.838

0.576

0.616

National Cancer Institute FV Screener, ²¹ servings/day N = 430

No

3.6 (0.50)

2.5 (0.66)

2.9 (0.50)

4.2 (0.53)

0.175

0.995

0.015

Yes

3.5 (0.45)

4.1 (0.43)

2.7 (0.45)

2.9 (0.44)

p-net

0.057

0.978

0.129

2-item screener, FV servings/day²⁰

No

4.2 (0.51)

3. 6 (0.67)

3.3 (0.50)

4.4 (0.49)

0.197

0.180

0.253

N = 442

Yes

3.8 (0.41)

3.7 (0.38)

4.7 (0.42)

4.8 (0.39)

p-net

0.589

0.048

0.326

Veggie Meter® skin carotenoid score

No

253.8 (12.7)

245.4 (16.9)

237.4 (12.3)

226.6 (12.5)

0.261

0.619

0.663

N = 429

Yes

245.6 (10.8)

225.0 (10.8)

239.9 (11.1)

232.9 (10.6)

p-net

0.592

0.610

0.479

Sugary beverage servings/day

No

1.7 (0.31)

1.7 (0.41)

1.1 (0.30)

1.2 (0.30)

0.805

0.285

0.261

N = 444

Yes

1.2 (0.26)

0.9 (0.25)

1.2 (0.27)

1.4 (0.25)

p-net

0.731

0.240

0.149

National Cancer Institute FV Screener,²¹ servings/day

No

3.5 (0.43)

3.4 (0.45)

3.7 (0.47)

3.9 (0.47)

0.245

0.173

0.322

N = 709

Yes

3.2 (0.55)

2.2 (0.58)

3.7 (0.53)

2.7 (0.54)

p-net

0.288

0.737

0.266

2-item screener, FV servings/day²⁰

No

3.9 (0.34)

3.0 (0.33)

3.6 (0.36)

3.0 (0.35)

0.046

0.888

0.634

N = 709

Yes

3.3 (0.42)

2.9 (0.44)

3. 9 (0.40)

3.2 (0.40)

p-net

0.547

0.221

0.314

Veggie Meter®, skin carotenoid score

No

217.6 (9.8)

234.2 (10.3)

222.7 (10.8)

213.5 (10.7)

0.097

0.274

0.549

N = 706

Yes

238.5 (12.7)

237.4 (13.3)

246.5 (12.2)

219.6 (12.5)

p-net

0.316

0.875

0.419

Sugary beverage servings/day

No

2.2 (0.28)

2.1 (0.30)

1.9 (0.31)

1.8 (0.31)

0.026

0.810

0.286

N = 725

Yes

2.2 (0.37)

2.5 (0.38)

1.7 (0.36)

1.3 (0.36)

p-net

0.281

0.793

0.397