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Table 3 Comparison of one-season and one-year net effects of the F3HK intervention on self-reported outcomes, 2016-2018

From: Community supported agriculture plus nutrition education improves skills, self-efficacy, and eating behaviors among low-income caregivers but not their children: a randomized controlled trial

 

One-season Change

Net Intervention Effect

(n=305)

One-year Change

Net Intervention Effect

(n=305)

Adjusted Estimate

Sig./CI

Adjusted Estimate

Sig./CI

PRIMARY OUTCOMES

 Child’s FV Intake (cups/day)

  Total, NCI-FVS

+0.56

0.20

+0.20

0.60

  Total without Juice, NCI FVS

+0.58

0.09

+0.20

0.51

 Child’s Intake of SSBs and Processed Snacks (times/month)

  Sweets, BSQ2

+7.50

0.19

+3.52

0.53

  Salty Snacks, BSQ2

-0.37

0.93

+1.20

0.76

  SSBs, BSQ2

-0.07

0.99

-2.14

0.73

SECONDARY OUTCOMES

 Child’s Physical Activity (days/week)

+0.09

0.69

-0.02

0.95

 Child’s Sedentary Behavior (hours/day)

  Time Watching TV on a School Day

-0.17

0.19

-0.09

0.40

  Time Playing Video Games on a School Day

+0.01

0.89

-0.06

0.46

 Caregiver’s Ability to Select, Store, and Prepare CSA Produce

  Cooking Techniques and Meal Preparation Self-Efficacy, original 14-item (scale 1-5)

+0.20

<0.01

+0.28

<0.01

  Cooking Techniques and Meal Preparation Self-Efficacy, expanded 21-item (scale 1-5)

+0.29

<0.01

+0.34

<0.01

 Caregiver’s Ability to Substitute FV for Energy-Dense Foods (times/month)

  Preparing FV as Snacks for Children

+19.22

<0.01

+9.16

0.11

  Preparing Fruit as Snacks for Children

+7.89

<0.01

+2.48

0.28

  Preparing Vegetables as Snacks for Children

+12.09

0.04

+6.88

0.14

 Caregiver’s Knowledge, Attitudes, and Beliefs About FV

  Knew Adult FV Recommendation Was 5+ Cups/Day (%, OR)

1.16

0.89, 1.51

1.13

0.86, 1.48

  Knew FV Recommendation Was ≥ Half of Dinner Plate (%, OR)

1.29

0.90, 1.86

1.29

0.91, 1.83

  General Nutrition Knowledge Belief (scale 1-4)

-0.08

0.11

-0.08

0.065

  Negative Cooking Attitudes (scale 1-5)

-0.35

<0.01

-0.25

<0.01

  Self-Efficacy for Eating and Cooking Fruits and Vegetables (scale 1-5)

+0.38

<0.01

+0.33

<0.01

 Caregiver’s FV Intake (cups/day)

  Total, NCI-FVS

+1.10

0.02

+0.72

0.10

  Total without Juice, NCI FVS

+1.01

0.03

+0.64

0.08

 Caregiver’s Intake of SSBs and Processed Snacks (times/month)

  Sweets, BSQ2

-6.78

0.30

-2.95

0.56

  Salty Snacks, BSQ2

-2.31

0.52

-1.70

0.58

  SSBs, BSQ2

-9.61

0.22

-10.01

0.11

 Availability and Accessibility of FV in the Home

  Availability of FV in the Home (scale 1-4)

+0.11

0.02

+0.15

<0.01

  Accessibility of FV in the Home (scale 1-4)

+0.11

0.20

+0.10

0.14

  How Easy to Afford FV (Likert-type 1-5)

+0.12

0.27

+0.07

0.45

  How Easy to Access FV (Likert-type 1-5)

+0.23

0.03

+0.16

0.10

 Household is Food Secure, FFSM (OR)

1.67

1.18, 2.37

1.27

0.93, 1.72†

  1. Significance of intervention status on change in outcome from baseline was tested using multiple linear regression for continuous variables and multiple logistic regression for dichotomous variables, adjusted for baseline value of the dependent variable
  2. Durability was assessed by including an interaction term for intervention and season in a mixed model that also included year of entry and baseline value of the outcome and ID number as a random effect
  3. † Significant interaction term indicates difference in net intervention effect at T2 relative to T1 (p <0.05)