Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the sample
| Â | Total sample (n=642) | Maximal exposure (n=263) | Minimal exposure (n=179) | No exposure (n=200) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Socio-demographics | ||||
 Age (M (SD)) | 56.3 (16.1) | 54.7 (16.2) | 60.9 (13.4)a | 54.2 (17.2) |
 Gender (% male) | 46.2 | 42.4 | 47.5 | 50.0 |
 Educational level (% higher educated) | 52.5 | 55.6 | 48.0 | 52.5 |
 Work status (% working) | 54.8 | 57.3 | 47.7 | 57.7 |
 Car ownership (% ≥ 1 car) | 87.1 | 82.8 | 91.6 | 88.9 |
Health-related quality of life | ||||
 Mobility (% any or severe problems) | 12.5 | 10.3 | 12.9 | 15.2 |
 Self-care (% any or severe problems) | 1.7 | 1.5 | 2.2 | 1.5 |
 Daily activities (% any or severe problems) | 11.1 | 11.1 | 9.0 | 13.1 |
 Pain (% any or severe problems) | 31.7 | 30.5 | 32.8 | 32.3 |
 Mood (% any or severe problems) | 11.5 | 10.7 | 12.4 | 11.8 |