Cross-sectional and prospective associations of sleep, sedentary and active behaviors with mental health in older people: a compositional data analysis from the Seniors-ENRICA-2 study

Table 2 Cross-sectional associations between behaviors composition (proportion of the day spent in sleep, SB, LPA and MVPA) and mental health outcomes at wave 0 (cross-sectional sample)

	Composition model	Sleep		SB		LPA		MVPA
	p	γ	p	γ	p	γ	p	γ	p
Depression (n = 2481)
Model 1	< 0.001	0.342	0.056	0.083	0.642	0.136	0.308	-0.562	< 0.001
Model 2	< 0.001	0.278	0.116	0.086	0.623	0.151	0.250	-0.515	< 0.001
Model 3	< 0.001	0.250	0.151	-0.017	0.923	0.164	0.203	-0.397	< 0.001
Loneliness (n = 2489)
Model 1	0.007	0.056	0.696	-0.008	0.958	0.113	0.279	-0.162	0.003
Model 2	0.020	0.007	0.957	-0.026	0.847	0.176	0.077	-0.158	0.003
Model 3	0.115	-0.021	0.873	-0.013	0.923	0.158	0.110	-0.124	0.017
Happiness (n = 2452)
Model 1	< 0.001	-0.097	0.603	-0.229	0.219	-0.008	0.951	0.335	< 0.001
Model 2	< 0.001	-0.061	0.738	-0.209	0.253	-0.027	0.844	0.297	< 0.001
Model 3	< 0.001	-0.031	0.864	-0.174	0.339	-0.037	0.783	0.243	< 0.001
Mental health (n = 2443)
Model 1	< 0.001	-1.418	0.172	0.235	0.817	-0.027	0.972	1.209	0.002
Model 2	0.002	-0.961	0.348	-0.111	0.912	0.131	0.860	0.941	0.016
Model 3	0.075	-0.754	0.458	-0.084	0.933	0.266	0.719	0.571	0.142

Values are shown as non-standardized gamma coefficients (γ) from CODA regression models; γ can be interpreted as the strength and direction of the association between the amount of time spent in one behavior relative to the others and the mental health outcome
Model 1 adjusted by sex, and age; model 2 adjusted as model 1 plus educational level (no studies, primary, secondary, university), marital status (single, married, separated, widowed), and household economy (difficult economy, easy economy); model 3 adjusted as model 2 plus smoking status (current, former, never), alcohol consume (heavy, moderate, former, never), total energy intake (kcal/day), BMI (kg/m²), cognitive function (mini-mental state examination score), physical function (gait speed test score: unable, ≤ 0.43 m/s, 0.44–0.60 m/s, 0.61–0.77 m/s, ≥ 0.78 m/s), and chronic diseases (0, 1, 2 +)
Statistically significant values are shown in bold (p < 0.05) and borderline significant values are shown in italics (p < 0.1)
Abbreviations: SB Sedentary Behavior, LPA Light Physical Activity, MVPA Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity

ISSN: 1479-5868