Table 4 The results of multinomial logistic regression analyses for walking ‘FROM’ school

School in NT (ref: no)

 Yes

0.63(0.30, 1.30)

0.212

0.80(0.35, 1.82)

0.593

1.27(0.73, 2.23)

0.399

Neighborhood walkability

 Walking facilities

0.94(0.62, 1.43)

0.779

0.85(0.53, 1.36)

0.506

0.91(0.67, 1.23)

0.530

 Aesthetics

0.92(0.58, 1.45)

0.704

0.90(0.54, 1.50)

0.679

0.98(0.70, 1.38)

0.911

 Traffic safety

1.52(0.76, 3.04)

0.232

2.44(1.13, 5.26)

0.023

1.60(0.96, 2.68)

0.074

 Crime safety

1.43(0.94, 2.16)

0.094

1.23(0.77, 1.95)

0.382

0.86(0.63, 1.18)

0.359

Social environmental factors

 Neighborhood cohesion

1.45(0.81, 2.59)

0.213

2.17(1.15, 4.09)

0.017

1.50(0.96, 2.33)

0.075

1.46(0.81, 2.62)

0.209

2.17(1.14, 4.14)

0.018

1.49(0.95, 2.34)

0.082

 Neighborhood connection

1.17(0.84, 1.63)

0.357

1.15(0.80, 1.67)

0.448

0.99(0.76, 1.28)

0.921

1.07(0.76, 1.50)

0.719

1.03(0.70, 1.51)

0.888

0.97(0.74, 1.26)

0.794

Safety volunteer (ref: No)

 Not sure

0.47(0.22, 1.01)

0.051

0.61(0.26, 1.42)

0.248

1.29(0.72, 2.33)

0.395

0.46(0.21, 0.99)

0.046

0.59(0.25, 1.38)

0.222

1.28(0.71, 2.32)

0.411

 Yes

0.57(0.33, 1.00)

0.050

0.63(0.34, 1.16)

0.135

1.09(0.74, 1.62)

0.655

0.56(0.32, 0.99)

0.048

0.62(0.33, 1.15)

0.126

1.09(0.73, 1.62)

0.671

CCTV on school way (ref: No)

 Not sure

1.60(0.95, 2.71)

0.077

1.13(0.63, 2.03)

0.684

0.70(0.47, 1.06)

0.090

1.55(0.91, 2.64)

0.105

1.08(0.60, 1.96)

0.791

0.70(0.47, 1.05)

0.084

 Yes

2.81(1.32, 6.01)

0.008

2.09(0.93, 4.70)

0.075

0.74(0.46, 1.19)

0.215

2.82(1.31, 6.08)

0.008

2.07(0.91, 4.71)

0.083

0.74(0.46, 1.18)

0.203

Walking over 100 m alone (ref: No)

 Not sure

1.08(0.41, 2.84)

0.871

1.01(0.32, 3.18)

0.990

0.93(0.40, 2.15)

0.865

1.13(0.43, 2.98)

0.802

1.07(0.34, 3.40)

0.910

0.94(0.41, 2.18)

0.893

 Yes

0.97(0.60, 1.56)

0.896

1.81(1.07, 3.07)

0.028

1.87(1.30, 2.69)

< 0.001

1.04(0.64, 1.68)

0.888

1.96(1.15, 3.35)

0.013

1.90(1.31, 2.74)

< 0.001

Parent-perceived influence of COVID-19 (ref: No)

 Not sure

2.67(0.40, 17.95)

0.311

1.86(0.27, 12.64)

0.528

0.69(0.16, 3.05)

0.628

2.49(0.38, 16.31)

0.340

1.62(0.24, 10.84)

0.622

0.65(0.15, 2.90)

0.57

 Yes

0.28(0.13, 0.59)

< 0.001

0.60(0.27, 1.34)

0.212

2.15(1.20, 3.88)

0.011

0.32(0.15, 0.69)

0.004

0.68(0.30, 1.57)

0.369

2.16(1.19, 3.92)

0.012

After-school activity

0.61(0.52, 0.71)

< 0.001

0.86(0.73, 1.01)

0.073

1.41(1.24, 1.61)

< 0.001

0.61(0.52, 0.71)

< 0.001

0.86(0.73, 1.02)

0.081

1.42(1.25, 1.62)

< 0.001

R-Squared

 Cox & Snell

0.244

0.249

 Nagelkerke

0.340

0.346

 McFadden

0.220

0.225