The effects of grazing on daily caloric intake and dietary quality

Table 1 Means and standard errors of demographic characteristics by eating pattern over 2 days, adults age 18 and older

	All		Grazers both days			Grazers 1 day			Non grazers
	Mean	SE	Mean		SE	Mean		SE	Mean		SE
Male	48.6	0.407	46.8	a,b	0.539	51.3	a	0.928	52.7	b	1.250
Age (years)	46.8	0.267	48.1	a,b	0.289	45.1	a,c	0.377	43.6	b,c	0.464
Married or living with partner	52.8	0.787	56.7	a,b	0.853	47.7	a,c	1.027	42.4	b,c	1.399
Hispanic	14.5	0.982	13.4	a,b	0.915	16.4	a	1.198	16.1	b	1.401
Non-Hispanic, White	66.2	1.403	70.1	a,b	1.340	61.2	a,c	1.643	56.2	b,c	1.893
Non-Hispanic, Black	11.5	0.768	8.6	a,b	0.589	14.9	a,c	1.040	19.5	b,c	1.409
Less than high school	14.4	0.596	12.1	a,b	0.596	17.4	a,c	0.789	20.4	b,c	1.113
High school graduate or GED	22.2	0.546	20.9	a,b	0.646	23.1	a,c	0.865	27.5	b,c	1.223
Some college or AA degree	30.4	0.560	30.0	a	0.723	32.5	a,c	0.893	27.7	c	1.221
College graduate or above	29.5	0.962	34.4	a,b	1.121	22.3	a,c	0.970	18.5	b,c	1.256
Observations	27,775		16,343			7994			3438

Notes: The superscripts “a, b, or c” are placed if a subgroup is statistically significantly different from the mean of another subgroup (“a” for comparisons between those who grazed both days and those who grazed on 1 day, “b” between those who grazed both days and those who did not graze, and “c” between those who grazed on 1 day and those who did not graze) (p < 0.05). Standard errors account for complex survey design. NHANES dietary intake day 2 weights (wtdr2d) were used to compute nationally representative estimates. Statistical significance of differences across groups are evaluated using a t-test stastic
Source: Authors’ calculations using data from the 2007-18 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and https://epi.grants.cancer.gov/hei/developing.html#2015c

ISSN: 1479-5868