Table 3 Healthy eating self-efficacy scores at 5-year follow-up according to baseline depression risk
|  |  | Low risk for depression (CES-D < 10) n = 856 | High risk for depression (CES-D ≥ 10) n = 408 | Estimated mean difference | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model | M (SD) | M (SD) | B (95% CI) | p-value | |
Total healthy eating self-efficacy | Unadjusted | 45.7 (10.7) | 43.3 (12.4) | 3.41 (2.08 to 4.74) | <.0001 |
Adjusted | 0.45 (−0.62 to 1.51) | .411 | |||
Healthy eating self-efficacy item: | |||||
 Procuring | |||||
  1. Shop regularly for healthy nutritious foods over the next year | Unadjusted | 3.9 (0.9) | 3.5 (1.1) | 0.35 (0.24 to 0.47) | <.0001 |
Adjusted | 0.15 (0.05 to 0.26) | .004 | |||
 Preparing | |||||
  2. Prepare/cook healthy nutritious foods over the next year | Unadjusted | 3.8 (0.9) | 3.5 (1.1) | 0.33 (0.21 to 0.44) | <.0001 |
Adjusted | 0.11 (0.01 to 0.22) | .030 | |||
 Eating | |||||
  3. Stick to eating healthy nutritious foods over the next year | Unadjusted | 3.5 (1.0) | 3.2 (1.1) | 0.27 (0.14 to 0.39) | <.0001 |
Adjusted | 0.03 (−0.08 to 0.14) | .569 | |||
  4. Eat enough fruit for good health over the next year | Unadjusted | 3.5 (1.1) | 3.2 (1.2) | 0.31 (0.18 to 0.44) | <.0001 |
Adjusted | 0.09 (−0.03 to 0.21) | .146 | |||
  5. Eat enough vegetables for good health over the next year | Unadjusted | 3.9 (0.9) | 3.6 (1.0) | 0.31 (0.20 to 0.41) | <.0001 |
Adjusted | 0.11 (0.01 to 0.21) | .038 | |||
  6. Limit your fast food consumption to once a week or less over the next year | Unadjusted | 4.1 (0.9) | 4.0 (1.0) | 0.18 (0.07 to 0.30) | .001 |
Adjusted | 0.00 (−0.11 to 0.11) | .978 | |||
  7. Eat a low-fat diet over the next year | Unadjusted | 3.3 (1.0) | 3.1 (1.1) | 0.15 (0.02 to 0.28) | .020 |
Adjusted | −0.07 (−0.19 to 0.04) | .196 | |||
 Emotional situations | |||||
  8. Stick to low-fat healthy foods even when you feel depressed, bored or tense | Unadjusted | 2.8 (1.1) | 2.6 (1.2) | 0.24 (0.11 to 0.38) | <.0001 |
Adjusted | 0.01 (−0.12 to 0.13) | .932 | |||
  9. Stick to low-fat healthy foods even when you feel too tired or lazy to prepare something healthy | Unadjusted | 2.9 (1.0) | 2.6 (1.1) | 0.24 (0.12 to 0.36) | <.0001 |
Adjusted | 0.01 (−0.09 to 0.12) | .793 | |||
  10. Stick to low-fat healthy foods even when you are craving less healthy foods | Unadjusted | 2.6 (1.0) | 2.5 (1.0) | 0.14 (0.03 to 0.26) | .016 |
Adjusted | −0.05 (−0.16 to 0.06) | .350 | |||
 Social or environmental factors | |||||
  11. Stick to low-fat healthy foods when you are eating out | Unadjusted | 2.8 (1.0) | 2.6 (1.1) | 0.15 (0.03 to 0.28) | .016 |
Adjusted | −0.03 (−0.15 to 0.08) | .569 | |||
  12. Stick to low-fat healthy foods even when there are high-fat foods available | Unadjusted | 3.1 (1.0) | 2.9 (1.1) | 0.23 (0.10 to 0.35) | <.0001 |
Adjusted | 0.00 (−0.11 to 0.11) | .965 | |||
  13. Stick to low-fat healthy foods even when eating with friends or co-workers | Unadjusted | 3.2 (1.0) | 3.0 (1.1) | 0.22 (0.10 to 0.34) | <.0001 |
Adjusted | 0.01 (−0.10 to 0.12) | .866 | |||
  14. Stick to low-fat healthy foods even when you are alone and there is no one to watch you | Unadjusted | 3.3 (1.1) | 3.0 (1.2) | 0.29 (0.16 to 0.42) | <.0001 |
Adjusted | 0.08 (−0.04 to 0.20) | .197 | |||