Table 2 Characteristics of primary studies by target group

Aarestrup et al. (2014) [26, 36]

focus group interviews

class observations

telephone interviews

6 schools class observations—no estimate of number of persons observed

111 students (13 years old)

13 teachers

18 suppliers

111

13

18

Bateman et al. (2014) [33]

phone interviews

10 producers (farmers)

5 distributors

15

Bogart et al. (2018) [32]

interviews

focus groups

16 teachers

16 principals

14 cafeteria managers

154 students

154

46

Bouck et al. (2011) [30]

qualitative interviews

28 stakeholders:

-8 principals

-10 teachers

-8 food preparers

-1 local site coordinator

-1 Ontario Fruit and Vegetable Growers' Association (OFVGA) representative

27

1

Carbone et al. (2016) [27]

classroom observations

interviews

administrator surveys

(approximately) 44 students observed (age 3–5) (4 observation sessions -one prior to evaluation, 3 during evaluation; estimated that on average 11 students observed per classroom)

4 food service staff members

4 teachers

5 administrators

13

Chen et al. (2014) [29]

focus groups

28 parents

28

Cirillo et al. (2018) [34]

semi-structured interviews

10 principals

10

He et al. (2012) [25]

focus groups

139 students

139

Hector et al. (2017) [18]

questionnaires

55 teachers

4 key contacts in participating schools

Jørgensen et al. (2014) [26, 36]

focus groups

individual interviews

22 teachers

22

Knapp et al. (2019) [28]

focus groups

27 students

17 parents

17 teachers

27

17

17

Lee et al. (2019) [35]

semi structured interviews

focus groups

194 practitioners and community residents

18 experts

212

Lin et al. (2016) [17]

questionnaires (open ended item for program comments)

3811 students

Potter et al. (2011) [31]

interviews

focus groups

11 program staff

6 administrators

42 students

19 parents

42

17

19

TOTAL

473

165

64

34

212