Longitudinal associations between infant movement behaviours and development

Table 3 Longitudinal associations between movement behaviours and ASQ-3 outcomes

	n	Communication ^a		Fine motor^b		Gross motor^b		Personal-social^b		Problem solving ^a		Total^c
	n	B (95%CI)	P value	B (95%CI)	P value	B (95%CI)	P value	B (95%CI)	P value	B (95%CI)	P value	B (95%CI)	P value
Tummy time (10 min/day)	411	-0.04 (−0.12,0.03)	0.269	0.07 (− 0.02,0.16)	0.123	0.19 (0.11,0.27)	< 0.001	0.09 (0.02,0.17)	0.016	− 0.003 (− 0.09,0.09)	0.954	0.08 (− 0.19,0.35)	0.550
Back time (10 min/day)	410	−0.001 (− 0.04,0.04)	0.977	0.02 (− 0.02,0.07)	0.336	− 0.02 (− 0.06,0.02)	0.255	−0.03 (− 0.07,0.01)	0.178	0.01 (− 0.04,0.06)	0.667	0.07 (− 0.08,0.21)	0.363
Restrained time (10 min/day)	411	−0.001 (− 0.05,0.05)	0.973	− 0.02 (− 0.07,0.03)	0.507	−0.003 (− 0.05,0.04)	0.908	0.02 (− 0.03,0.06)	0.439	−0.03 (− 0.08,0.02)	0.252	−0.01 (− 0.17,0.16)	0.929
Screen time (10 min/day)	411	0.05 (−0.06,0.17)	0.378	−0.02 (− 0.14,0.10)	0.754	0.11 (− 0.003,0.21)	0.057	− 0.07 (− 0.18,0.04)	0.200	− 0.10 (− 0.23,0.02)	0.113	0.10 (− 0.29,0.50)	0.605
Reading time (10 min/day)	411	0.15 (− 0.07,0.37)	0.182	0.25 (0.01,0.49)	0.040	0.31 (0.11,0.52)	0.003	0.23 (0.02,0.44)	0.028	0.21 (−0.03,0.46)	0.087	1.29 (0.54,2.03)	0.001
Sleep time (hour/day)	407	−0.04 (− 0.29,0.20)	0.725	− 0.04 (− 0.31,0.22)	0.737	0.14 (− 0.09,0.36)	0.224	− 0.05 (− 0.28,0.18)	0.663	−0.04 (− 0.31,0.24)	0.790	0.09 (− 0.77,0.94)	0.840

Participants who had at least one observations on variables of interest were include in the analyses. In all models, covariates (Baseline: infant sex, infant race/ethnicity, number of siblings, parental marital status, parental education, parental country of birth; Time varying: non-parental care time, parental age) were included as fixed effects. Mean imputation was performed for missing parental age at baseline (n = 5)
^aModels include a random intercept, a fixed linear slope of infant age (centered), and a fixed quadratic linear slope of infant age (centered)
^bModels include a random intercept, a random slope of slope of infant age (centered), a fixed linear slope of infant age (centered), and a fixed quadratic linear slope of infant age (centered)
^cModels include a random intercept and a fixed linear slope of infant age (centered)
Bold fonts indicate p < 0.05

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