Table 3 Content validity of physical activity, sedentary behavior and/or sleep questionnaires, including methodological quality, result rating and quality of evidence
Questionnaire | Study population | Methodological quality a | Results (rating) b | Overall rating c & evidence grading d | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Relevance | Comprehensiveness | Comprehensibility | ||||
Children’s Sleep-Wake Scale (CSWS) [51] | n = 9 pediatric sleep experts n = 30 primary caregivers of 2- to 5-year-old children | Doubtful | Pediatric sleep experts quantitatively evaluated the content relevance of each item. Items of low content validity were removed which resulted in a CVI of 0.93 for the entire instrument. (+) | Pediatric sleep experts quantitatively evaluated the comprehensiveness of the entire scale as a measure of children’s behavioral sleep quality. Items of low content validity were removed which resulted in a CVI of 0.93 for the entire instrument. (+) | Primary caregivers provided qualitative feedback on the clarity of directions and items, suitability of the scaling method, and approximate time to complete administration. Following scale revisions, pediatric sleep experts quantitatively evaluated the clarity and conciseness of the administration directions and items. Items of low content validity were removed which resulted in a CVI of 0.93 for the entire instrument. (?) | ?dLow |
BISQ (Nepali version) [36] | n = 15 parents with child aged < 3 years old | Doubtful | na | na | The respondents had no difficulties in understanding the questionnaire, their answers were appropriate and none of the parents returned the questionnaire for any clarification. (?) | ?Low |
Surveillance of digital Media hAbits in earLy chiLdhood Questionnaire (SMALLQ™) [65] | n = 4 experts n = 137 teachers, parents, and school leaders of preschool centers and kindergartens in Singapore | Doubtful | Experts, including parents, independently reviewed early versions of the questionnaire and guided the development of new questions that were contextually relevant, of concern and interest, and useful. (+) | na | Cognitive load and the ease of understanding of the questionnaire items were tested using a focus group, and, where necessary, the questionnaire items were refined and reorganized. When pilot-testing, average time taken to complete the questionnaire was 20–30 min. Based on qualitative feedback, amendments were made to the questionnaire to enhance its utility and ease of response for participants of the survey. (+) | ?Low |
Healthy Kids [60] | n = 77 ethnically diverse low-income parents | Doubtful | Relevant items for this tool were identified from results of comprehensive literature reviews for the broad determinants of obesity, corresponding behaviors and survey items. (+) | na | Cognitive interviews provided contextual rich qualitative data for instrument development, including how respondents interpreted text and photographs and their recommendations for changes to improve understanding, consistency of interpretation, and appeal by limited literacy readers. Researchers agreed the message was consistent with the original intent for each item. (+) | ?Low |
Family Health Survey (consists a.o. of Outdoor Playtime Recall, InFANT, POI.nz) [66] | n = 24 parents of children in ECE (from urban and rural North-eastern Brazil) | Doubtful | na | na | In the cognitive interviews, parents understood most items, but requested modifications to the formatting of the questionnaire, recall period, and the wording of a small number of items. The process of translation and cognitive interviews conducted in Brazilian families resulted in an appropriate cultural adaptation of scales measuring children’s movement behaviors and parenting practices. (+) | ? Low |
Technology Use Questionnaire (TechU-Q) [52] | n = 94 parents n = 10 experts (in research of technology use by children, measurement and activity and task behaviors, and childcare professionals) | Doubtful | na | Experts were asked if any common technology devices were not included. Overall, experts agreed with the measured constructs and questions. (+) | Parents found the questions appropriate and no major changes were suggested based on parent feedback. Experts commented on the content validity and made suggestions to wording and question structure. Questions were modified based on substantial and consensus comments. (+) | ?Low |