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Table 6 Association between demographic factors and food insecurity—univariate logistic regression

From: The new normal for food insecurity? A repeated cross-sectional survey over 1 year during the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia

  

Survey 1: lockdown n = 1067

Survey 2: restrictions eased n = 1133

Survey 3: 1-year post-lockdown n = 1117

Parameter

Level

OR

SE

p

95%CI

OR

SE

p

95%CI

OR

SE

p

95%CI

Gender

Male

1.01

0.167

0.943

[0,73, 1.40]

1.28

0.225

0.165

[0.90, 1.80]

1.22

0.206

0.231

[0.88, 1.70]

Age

Increase in age per 10 years

0.885

0.043

0.012

[0.81, 0.97]

0.752

0.422

< 0.001

[0.67, 0.84]

0.713

0.039

< 0.001

[0.64, 0.79]

Indigenous

Yes

3.68

1.586

0.001

[1.74, 8.64]

6.81

2.66

< 0.001

[3.16, 14.7]

2.58

0.983

0.013

[1.22, 5.44]

Disability

Yes

2.27

0.356

< 0.001

[1.67, 3.09]

3.86

0.80

< 0.001

[2.57, 5.80]

2.38

0.392

< 0.001

[1.72, 3.29]

Rurality

Rural

1.63

0.243

0.001

[1.22, 2.19]

1.82

0.311

< 0.001

[1.30, 2.54]

1.12

0.194

0.527

[0.79, 1.57]

Education

University

Ref

   

Ref

   

Ref

   
 

Diploma/TAFE

2.25

0.385

< 0.001

[1.61, 3.15]

1.36

0.240

0.078

[0.97, 1.93]

1.65

0.320

0.010

[1.13, 2.42]

 

High School

2.56

0.494

< 0.001

[1.76, 3.74]

1.57

0.388

0.069

[0.97, 2.55]

1.96

0.449

0.003

[1.25, 3.07]

Household

Couple, no dependents

Ref

   

Ref

   

Ref

   
 

Couple with dependents

1.35

0.232

0.083

[0.96, 1.89]

1.41

0.315

0.121

[0.91, 2.19]

3.06

0.644

< 0.001

[2.02, 4.62]

 

Single parent household

3.22

0.880

< 0.001

[1.89, 5.50]

5.32

1.67

< 0.001

[2.87, 9.85]

3.67

1.734

0.006

[1.46, 9.27]

 

One person household

1.40

0.274

0.086

[0.95, 2.05]

1.55

0.341

0.048

[1.00, 2.38]

2.51

0.573

< 0.001

[1.61. 3.93]

Residency

Born in Australia

Ref

   

Ref

   

Ref

   
 

Born overseas, citizen

0.700

0.145

0.080

[0.47, 1.04]

0.846

0.185

0.443

[0.55, 1.30]

0.708

0.157

0.120

[0.46, 1.09]

 

Permanent resident

1.37

0.537

0.421

[0.64, 2.96]

1.25

0.585

0.663

[0.50, 3.13]

0.632

0.343

0.397

[0.22, 1.83]

 

Temporary resident

4,.11

2.05

0.005

[1.55, 10.9]

14.4

9.68

< 0.001

[3.84, 53.8]

4.42

3.154

0.037

[1.09, 17.9]

  1. OR Odds Ratio, SE Standard Error, p p-value derived from univariate logistic regression, 95%CI 95% Confidence Interval