Associations of home and neighborhood environments with children’s physical activity in the U.S.-based Neighborhood Impact on Kids (NIK) longitudinal cohort study

Carver, Alison; Cerin, Ester; Akram, Muhammad; Sallis, James F.; Cain, Kelli L.; Frank, Lawrence D.; Geremia, Carrie M.; Conway, Terry L.; Glanz, Karen; Saelens, Brian E.

doi:10.1186/s12966-023-01415-3

International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity

Table 3 The interaction effects of environmental attributes on the association between time and child’s MVPA from multiple imputations

From: Associations of home and neighborhood environments with children’s physical activity in the U.S.-based Neighborhood Impact on Kids (NIK) longitudinal cohort study

Effect estimated		Regression models^a
		b (95% CI) p
Main effect of Time on MVPA	Main	-33.91 (-38.04, -29.78)	< 0.001
Moderating effect of child’s sex on the association between time and MVPA	Moderator: Sex	0.83 (-6.46, 8.12)	0.823
Interaction effects of Play space score on the association between time and MVPA	Interaction	0.42 (0.07, 0.78)	0.021
	@ 0	-0.09 (-0.37, 0.20)	0.555
	@ average	2.92 (0.53, 5.30)	0.018
	@ above average	7.34 (1.25, 13.43)	0.019
Interaction effects of Positive AT score on the association between time and MVPA	Interaction	-0.61 (-1.53, 0.32)	0.200
Interaction effects of Residential density on the association between time and MVPA	Interaction	-10.59 (-18.63, -2.55)	0.010
	@ Single family	-31.29 (-35.73, -26.85)	< 0.001
	@ Multi-family	-41.88 (-49.43, -34.33)	< 0.001
Interaction effects of Park PA facilities score on the association between time and MVPA	Interaction	-0.49 (-0.79, -0.19)	0.001
	@ 0	0.33 (0.08, 0.58)	0.010
	@ average	-5.60 (-9.08, -2.12)	0.002
	@ above average	-11.54 (-18.61, -4.46)	0.002
Interaction effects of Land use mix positive overall on the association between time and MVPA	Interaction	-1.68 (-3.06, -0.31)	0.017
	@ 0	0.99 (-0.35, 2.33)	0.146
	@ average	-3.19 (-6.21, -0.17)	0.040
	@ above average	-7.64 (-14.18, -1.11)	0.023
Interaction effects of intersection density on the association between time and MVPA	Interaction	-22.15 (-75.83, 31.52)	0.420
Interaction effects of number of parks in 1 km buffer on the association between time and MVPA	Interaction	-1.26 (-3.26, 0.74)	0.217
Interaction effects of PA equipment at home on the association between time and MVPA	Interaction	1.73 (-0.73, 4.18)	0.169
Interaction effects of perceived traffic on the association between time and MVPA	Interaction	0.33 (-6.60, 7.26)	0.926
Interaction effects of perceived crime on the association between time and MVPA	Interaction	2.04 (-3.34, 7.42)	0.459

Note. ^ageneralised additive mixed model (GAMM) with gaussian distribution used for child’s MVPA, adjusted for same covariates as for Direct effects. All models also adjusted for census block group cluster id, within-individual levels and accelerometer wear-time at both time-points; b = regression coefficient; CI = confidence interval; Play space score was measured using Informal Play Space audit tool; Positive AT score – a MAPS subscale measuring positive characteristics of the neighborhood for promoting active transport (AT); Park PA facilities score—measured using the Environmental Assessment of Public Recreational Spaces (EAPRS) audit tool; Land use mix – measured using ‘MAPS Destination Land Use (DLU) positive overall’ score

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ISSN: 1479-5868

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