Table 1 Lifestyle habits and lifestyle-related factors in cases and controls at baseline and second assessment

Smoking, n (%), n = 2548

p < 0.001

p < 0.001

p = 0.36

p < 0.001

 ≥ 20 cig/day

5 (1%)

1 (0%)

17 (1%)

11 (1%)

 11–19 cig/day

46 (7%)

12 (2%)

52 (3%)

64 (3%)

 1–10 cig/day

42 (7%)

34 (5%)

116 (6%)

95 (5%)

 Occasionally

50 (8%)

27 (4%)

151 (8%)

75 (4%)

 Never

494 (78%)

563 (88%)

1575 (82%)

1666 (87%)

Active commuting, n (%), n = 2519

< 0.001

p < 0.001

p = 0.81

p = 0.007

 < 5 min/day

437 (69%)

275 (59%)

1210 (64%)

845 (58%)

 5–9 min/day

55 (9%)

39 (8%)

170 (9%)

124 (9%)

 10–19 min/day

60 (10%)

56 (12%)

216 (11%)

200 (14%)

 20–29 min/day

49 (8%)

46 (10%)

154 (8%)

131 (9%)

 At least 30 min/day

30 (5%)

52 (11%)

137 (7%)

160 (11%)

Exercise, n (%), n = 2548

< 0.001

p < 0.001

p = 0.015

p = 0.009

 Never

65 (10%)

55 (9%)

226 (12%)

169 (9%)

 Irregular

172 (27%)

117 (18%)

496 (26%)

475 (25%)

 1–2 times per week

223 (35%)

216 (34%)

661 (35%)

589 (31%)

 3–5 times per week

163 (26%)

215 (34%)

458 (24%)

586 (31%)

 At least 6 times per week

14 (2%)

34 (5%)

70 (4%)

92 (5%)

Diet habits, n (%), n = 2548

< 0.001

p < 0.001

p = 0.62

p = 0.23

 Very poor

10 (2%)

1 (0%)

34 (2%)

4 (0%)

 Poor

50 (8%)

18 (3%)

165 (9%)

46 (2%)

 Neither poor nor good

238 (37%)

146 (23%)

652 (34%)

475 (25%)

 Good

302 (47%)

395(62%)

927 (49%)

1145 (60%)

 Very good

37 (6%)

77 (12%)

133 (7%)

238 (13%)

Alcohol habits, n (%), n = 2518

< 0.001

p < 0.001

p = 0.020

p = 0.015

 Very poor

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

6 (0%)

0 (0%)

 Poor

32 (5%)

12 (3%)

87 (5%)

68 (5%)

 Neither poor nor good

353 (56%)

181 (39%)

1065 (57%)

606 (43%)

 Good

182 (29%)

168 (36%)

563 (30%)

513 (36%)

 Very good

65 (10%)

101 (22%)

164 (9%)

237 (17%)

Overall stress, n (%), n = 2548

0.011

p < 0.001

p = 0.04

p = 0.87

 Very often

12 (2%)

13 (2%)

31 (2%)

23 (1%)

 Often

68 (11%)

54 (9%)

168 (9%)

128 (7%)

 Now and then

242 (38%)

220 (35%)

688 (36%)

640 (36%)

 Occasionally

259 (41%)

274 (43%)

824 (43%)

870 (46%)

 Never

56 (9%)

75 (12%)

199 (10%)

250 (13%)

Overall health, n (%), n = 2548

0.006

p = 0.039

p < 0.001

p < 0.001

 Very poor

3 (1%)

2 (0%)

8 (0%)

5 (0%)

 Poor

34 (5%)

46 (7%)

68 (4%)

75 (4%)

 Neither poor nor good

173 (27%)

191 (30%)

493 (26%)

447 (23%)

 Good

364 (57%)

346 (55%)

1102 (58%)

1120 (59%)

 Very good

63 (10%)

50 (8%)

239 (13%)

264 (14%)

Physical capacity^a, median (Q1-Q3), n = 2548

16 (13 to 19)

15 (13 to 18)

< 0.001

17 (14 to 20)

15 (13 to 18)

p < 0.001

p = 0.08

p = 0.98

BMI, kg/m2, median (Q1-Q3), n = 2546

26 (24 to 28)

26 (24 to 29)

< 0.001

25 (23 to 28)

26 (24 to 28)

p < 0.001

p = 0.01

p < 0.001

Systolic blood pressure, mmHg, mean (SD), n = 2535

130 (16)

129 (14)

0.60

127 (15)

130 (16)

p < 0.001

p = 0.20

p = 0.009

Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg, mean (SD), n = 2539

80 (11)

80 (10)

0.58

79 (10)

81 (10)

p < 0.001

p = 0.05

p = 0.15