Table 2 Five RCTs investigated PA in healthy older adults
Authors (year) | Design | Participants | Country | Duration | Intervention and measures | Outcome measures (Sleep related) | Main findings (Sleep-related) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alessi et al (1995) [56] | RP | 65 nursing home residents 85% female Mean age: 84.8 years old urinary incontinence or were physically restrained | USA | 9 weeks | Sit-to-stand repetitions, walking, wheelchair propulsion, rowing machine Mobility endurance (maximum time walking or wheeling) and motion sensors (Caltrac) | Nighttime sleep: wrist activity monitors Daytime sleep: timed behavioral observations of sleep versus wakefulness performed every 15 min during the day | No improvements in sleep in the intervention versus control groups Even among a subgroup of intervention subjects who showed a 30% or greater improvement in mobility endurance, sleep did not improve at follow-up compared with baseline |
Alessi et al (1999) [57] | RP | 29 incontinent nursing home residents 90% female mean age:88.3 years old | USA | 14 weeks | Functional incidental Training, involved a structured series of arm and leg exercises, sit-to-stands, and walking or wheelchair propulsion Daytime physical activity monitors and structured physical function assessments | nighttime wrist activity monitors to estimate nighttime sleep; and timed day- time behavioral observations of sleep versus wakefulness | Nighttime percent sleep (time asleep over time monitored in bed at night) increased in intervention subjects from 51.7% at baseline to 62.5% at follow-up compared with 67.0% at baseline to 66.3% at follow-up in controls (MANOVA, group by time, F = 4.42, P = .045, df = 27) |
Seol et al. (2021) [45] | RC | 10 healthy older women 65–79 years old | Japan | 30 min | Low-intensity physical activity for 30 min, either aerobic exercise (70 steps per minute), housework (at the same intensity), ActiGraph GT3X-BT | Oguri-Shirakawa-Azumi sleep inventory, Middle-Aged and Aged version (OSA-MA) questionnaire polysomnography | A significant difference in sleep latency (14.2 ± 19.1, 9.9 ± 15.6, and 4.2 ± 3.5 min for control, housework, and aerobic exercise, respectively; ANOVA P = 0.011) among the trials The total score on OSA-MA was significantly higher after aerobic exercise (91.0 ± 5.4, 88.1 ± 6.9, and 108.6 ± 5.9 points for control, housework, and exercise, respectively) |
Bademlim et al. (2019) [58] | RP | 60 elderly individuals with mild cognitive impairment, 58% female over 65 years old | Turkey | 20 weeks | Physical Activity Program (10‐minute of warm‐up activities,20‐minute of rhythmic exercises, 10‐minute of cool down exercises and 40‐minute of free walking), metabolic equivalent level | PSQI | Sleep quality of elderly individuals improved thanks to a 20‐week program of regular physical activity |
Vazfragoso et al. (2015) [59] | RP | 1635 older adults who were sedentary 67% female 70 to 89 years old | USA | 30 months | walking with a goal of 150 min/week and strength, flexibility, and balance training, accelerometry | Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale, PSQI | Structured physical activity resulted in a lower likelihood of developing poor sleep quality (PSQI > 5) over the intervention period than health education but had no effect on prevalent cases of poor sleep quality or on sleep–wake behaviors evaluated using the ISI or ESS |