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Table 4 Association between dietary patterns and risk of depressive symptoms in the TCLSIH and UK Biobank Cohort Study

From: Relationship between dietary pattern and depressive symptoms: an international multicohort study

 

Quartiles of dietary pattern scores

P for trend a

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

The TCLSIH

Traditional Chinese dietary pattern

No. of depressive symptoms

278

249

230

232

 

Person years

4,255

4,375

4,392

4,389

 

Incidence per 1000 person years

65.33

56.91

52.37

52.86

 

 Model 1

1.00 (reference)

0.86 (0.73, 1.02) b

0.79 (0.66, 0.94)

0.79 (0.67, 0.94)

 < 0.01

 Model 2

1.00 (reference)

0.85 (0.72, 1.01)

0.78 (0.65, 0.94)

0.71 (0.57, 0.88)

 < 0.001

 Model 3

1.00 (reference)

0.85 (0.71, 1.01)

0.78 (0.65, 0.94)

0.71 (0.57, 0.88)

 < 0.001

Processed animal offal included animal food dietary pattern

No. of depressive symptoms

248

215

221

305

 

Person years

4,365

4,391

4,360

4,295

 

Incidence per 1000 person years

56.82

48.96

50.69

71.01

 

 Model 1

1.00 (reference)

0.88 (0.73, 1.06)

0.93 (0.77, 1.12)

1.32 (1.11, 1.56)

 < 0.001

 Model 2

1.00 (reference)

0.87 (0.72, 1.05)

0.93 (0.77, 1.12)

1.29 (1.07, 1.54)

 < 0.01

 Model 3

1.00 (reference)

0.87 (0.73, 1.05)

0.93 (0.77, 1.12)

1.29 (1.07, 1.55)

 < 0.01

Sugar rich dietary pattern

No. of depressive symptoms

232

241

250

266

 

Person years

4,420

4,298

4,418

4,276

 

Incidence per 1000 person years

52.49

56.07

56.59

62.21

 

 Model 1

1.00 (reference)

1.08 (0.90, 1.29)

1.08 (0.91, 1.30)

1.21 (1.01, 1.44)

0.04

 Model 2

1.00 (reference)

1.09 (0.91, 1.31)

1.11 (0.93, 1.33)

1.22 (1.02, 1.46)

0.03

 Model 3

1.00 (reference)

1.09 (0.91, 1.31)

1.11 (0.93, 1.33)

1.22 (1.02, 1.46)

0.03

The UK Biobank

Healthy dietary pattern

No. of depressive symptoms

349

289

310

355

 

Person years

177,189

177,755

177,974

177,013

 

Incidence per 1000 person years

1.97

1.63

1.74

2.01

 

 Model 1

1.00 (reference)

0.81 (0.69, 0.95)

0.85 (0.73, 1.00)

0.95 (0.81, 1.10)

0.65

 Model 2

1.00 (reference)

0.85 (0.72, 0.99)

0.90 (0.77, 1.00)

0.98 (0.84, 1.15)

0.99

 Model 3

1.00 (reference)

0.84 (0.72, 0.99)

0.90 (0.77, 1.00)

0.97 (0.83, 1.14)

0.90

Processed food dietary pattern

No. of depressive symptoms

295

301

361

346

 

Person years

177,848

177,906

177,636

176,541

 

Incidence per 1000 person years

1.66

1.69

2.03

1.96

 

 Model 1

1.00 (reference)

1.04 (0.89, 1.22)

1.30 (1.11, 1.51)

1.35 (1.15, 1.58)

 < 0.0001

 Model 2

1.00 (reference)

1.09 (0.92, 1.28)

1.36 (1.16, 1.60)

1.43 (1.18, 1.72)

 < 0.0001

 Model 3

1.00 (reference)

1.08 (0.92, 1.27)

1.34 (1.14, 1.58)

1.39 (1.16, 1.68)

 < 0.0001

Meat dietary pattern

No. of depressive symptoms

336

335

324

308

 

Person years

177,286

177,802

177,632

177,211

 

Incidence per 1000 person years

1.90

1.88

1.82

1.74

 

 Model 1

1.00 (reference)

0.96 (0.83, 1.12)

0.92 (0.79, 1.08)

0.91 (0.78, 1.07)

0.21

 Model 2

1.00 (reference)

0.99 (0.85, 1.15)

0.95 (0.81, 1.10)

0.90 (0.76, 1.05)

0.16

 Model 3

1.00 (reference)

0.99 (0.85, 1.15)

0.94 (0.81, 1.10)

0.89 (0.75, 1.05)

0.13

  1. a Obtained by using multivariable Cox regression model
  2. b Hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) (all such values)
  3. Model 1 was adjusted for age, sex, and body mass index
  4. Model 2 was additionally adjusted for smoking status, alcohol drinking status, married (only in TCLSIH cohort), education level, occupation (only in TCLSIH cohort), visiting friends, living alone, household income (only in TCLSIH cohort), physical activity, total energy intake, Townson depressive index (only in UK Biobank)
  5. Model 3 was additionally adjusted for family history of disease (including cardiovascular disease, hypertension, hyperlipidemia (only in TCLSIH cohort), and diabetes), hypertension, hyperlipidemia (only in TCLSIH cohort), diabetes
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International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity

ISSN: 1479-5868

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