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Table 5 Adjusted associations for subgroups with significant interactions by race/ethnicity

From: Real-time predictors of food parenting practices and child eating behaviors in racially/ethnically diverse families

Evening Outcome (yes/no)

Morning Predictor (range 0–5)

White

African Am/ Somali/ Ethiopian

Latinx

Hmong

Native American

Multiracial

OR (95% CI) [p-value]

Restrictive food parenting

Depressive Symptoms

1.51

1.25

1.98

0.80

0.55

1.24

(1.02—2.22)

(0.94—1.67)

(1.51—2.61)

(0.40—1.59)

(0.28—1.05)

(0.99—1.55)

[0.038]

[0.121]

[< 0.001]

[0.523]

[0.070]

[0.067]

Fast food

Sources of Stress

0.91

0.92

1.00

1.21

0.82

0.88

(0.78—1.05)

(0.76—1.10)

(0.71—1.42)

(0.98—1.50)

(0.65—1.03)

(0.78—1.00)

[0.200]

[0.354]

[0.978]

[0.083]

[0.094]

[0.052]

Preprepared meal

Stress

1.01

1.17

0.73

0.99

1.22

0.99

(0.86—1.17)

(1.01—1.36)

(0.52—1.02)

(0.74—1.31)

(0.97—1.54)

(0.86—1.14)

[0.945]

[0.038]

[0.069]

[0.917]

[0.089]

[0.889]

Homemade meal

Depressed Mood

1.02

0.93

1.22

0.99

0.92

1.08

(0.90—1.15)

(0.78—1.11)

(0.92—1.61)

(0.84—1.17)

(0.71—1.20)

(0.93—1.25)

[0.756]

[0.432]

[0.172]

[0.920]

[0.541]

[0.319]

Child Food fussiness

Depressive Symptoms

1.29

1.44

2.00

1.15

1.10

0.56

(0.92—1.81)

(1.05—1.98)

(1.29—3.08)

(0.90—1.46)

(0.74—1.63)

(0.35—0.89)

[0.135]

[0.024]

[0.002]

[0.258]

[0.643]

[0.013]

  1. Each cell displays results from a separate regression. Adjusted generalized estimated equation (GEE) models with weights include the following covariates: primary caregiver and child age, sex, and weight status; income; food security status, number of children; weekend observation; follow-up observation; observation after start of Covid-19 school shutdowns. Interpretation example: One additional depressive symptom in the morning was associated with 51% higher odds of food restriction among White families (OR: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.02 to 2.22; p = 0.038) the same evening at dinner, after controlling for all other covariates in the adjusted models. OR Odds ratio, CI Confidence interval. Bolded values are significant at p < 0.05