Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participation enrolled in the NHANES
Characteristic | Mean ± SE or n (%) |
|---|---|
Patients, n | 56,066 |
Age (years) | 45.97 ± 0.20 |
Female | 27,933 (49.8) |
Race/ethnicity | |
Mexican American | 9314 (16.6) |
Non-Hispanic Black | 11,411 (20.4) |
Non-Hispanic White | 26,797 (47.8) |
Other Hispanic | 4149 (7.4) |
Other | 4395 (7.8) |
Education | |
Less than 9th grade | 5784 (10.3) |
9-11th grade | 7577 (13.5) |
College graduate or above | 13,386 (23.9) |
High school graduate/GED or equivalent | 12,686 (22.7) |
Some college or AA degree | 16,575 (29.6) |
Income | |
$ 0 to $ 19,999 | 12,829 (22.9) |
$20,000 to $44,999 | 18,656 (33.3) |
$45,000 to $74,999 | 10,832 (19.3) |
$75,000 to $99,999 | 9026 (16.1) |
$100,000 and Over | 4723 (8.4) |
Body mass index (kg/m 2 ) | 28.42 ± 0.08 |
Alcohol intake (g/day) | 10.02 ± 0.26 |
Smoking status | |
Never smoked | 30,509 (54.4) |
Past smoker | 14,074 (25.1) |
Current smoker | 11,483 (20.5) |
Physical activity (METs-h/week) | 11.11 ± 0.09 |
Dietary energy intake (kcal) | 2136.20 ± 8.78 |
Adherence to HEI-2015 score | 50.76 ± 0.19 |
Total DAC intake (without coffee, mmol) | 4.03 ± 0.04 |
Breakfast DAC intake (without coffee, mmol) | 0.99 ± 0.02 |
Lunch DAC intake (without coffee, mmol) | 1.84 ± 0.03 |
Dinner DAC intake (without coffee, mmol) | 1.20 ± 0.01 |
Midnight DAC intake (without coffee, mmol) a | 0.38 ± 0.01 |
Δ DAC value (without coffee, mmol) b | 0.22 ± 0.02 |
Total Coffee DAC (mmol) | 5.55 ± 0.10 |
Breakfast coffee DAC intake (mmol) | 4.01 ± 0.06 |
Lunch coffee DAC intake (mmol) without coffee, | 2.00 ± 0.03 |
Dinner coffee DAC intake (mmol) | 1.38 ± 0.02 |
Δ coffee DAC value (mmol) b | -2.63 ± 0.06 |
Total snack DAC (mmol) | 1.85 ± 0.03 |
Breakfast snack DAC intake (mmol) | 1.07 ± 0.02 |
(continued) | |
Lunch snack DAC intake (mmol) | 2.31 ± 0.03 |
Dinner snack DAC intake (mmol) | 1.86 ± 0.02 |
Δ snack DAC value (mmol) b | 0.79 ± 0.03 |
Total tea DAC (mmol) | 1.20 ± 0.05 |
Breakfast tea DAC intake (mmol) | 0.27 ± 0.01 |
Lunch tea DAC intake (mmol) | 0.42 ± 0.02 |
Dinner tea DAC intake (mmol) | 0.51 ± 0.03 |
Δ tea DAC value (mmol) b | 0.24 ± 0.03 |
Dietary supplement use (%) | 33,046 (58.9) |
Serum CRP level (mg/dL) | 5.15 ± 0.14 |
Hypertension | 18,585 (33.1) |
CVD | 17,050 (30.4) |
Hyperlipidaemia | 9483 (16.9) |
Diabetes | 8970 (16.0) |
Cancer | 5077 (9.1) |