Table 1 Demographic, socioeconomic, and other characteristics by trial arm (n = 3,518)
Control (n = 887) | Warning Labels (n = 891) | Tax (n = 874) | Combined Warning Labels + Tax (n = 866) | Overall (n = 3,518) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | |
Gender | ||||||||||
Woman | 539 | 60.8 | 538 | 60.4 | 530 | 60.6 | 519 | 59.9 | 2,126 | 60.4 |
Man | 343 | 38.7 | 348 | 39.1 | 342 | 39.1 | 344 | 39.7 | 1,377 | 39.1 |
Non-binary or self-described | 5 | 0.6 | 5 | 0.6 | 2 | 0.2 | 3 | 0.3 | 15 | 0.4 |
Age (years) | ||||||||||
18–39 | 304 | 34.3 | 305 | 34.2 | 278 | 31.8 | 335 | 38.7 | 1,222 | 34.7 |
40–59 | 302 | 34.1 | 283 | 31.8 | 283 | 32.4 | 273 | 31.5 | 1,141 | 32.4 |
60+ | 281 | 31.7 | 303 | 34.0 | 313 | 35.8 | 258 | 29.8 | 1,155 | 32.8 |
Race and ethnicity1 | ||||||||||
NH White | 643 | 73.2 | 654 | 73.8 | 634 | 73.2 | 621 | 72.3 | 2,552 | 73.1 |
Hispanic (any race) | 83 | 9.4 | 94 | 10.6 | 85 | 9.8 | 94 | 10.9 | 356 | 10.2 |
NH Black or African American | 80 | 9.1 | 87 | 9.8 | 76 | 8.8 | 89 | 10.4 | 332 | 9.5 |
NH Asian or Pacific Islander | 33 | 3.8 | 29 | 3.3 | 38 | 4.4 | 31 | 3.6 | 131 | 3.8 |
NH Other/Multi-racial | 40 | 4.6 | 22 | 2.5 | 33 | 3.8 | 24 | 2.8 | 119 | 3.4 |
Education | ||||||||||
High school diploma or less | 292 | 33.2 | 311 | 35.1 | 291 | 33.6 | 294 | 34.2 | 1,188 | 34.1 |
Associate or technical degree | 191 | 21.7 | 197 | 22.3 | 214 | 24.7 | 204 | 23.7 | 806 | 23.1 |
4-year college degree | 269 | 30.6 | 250 | 28.2 | 250 | 28.9 | 255 | 29.7 | 1,024 | 29.3 |
Graduate degree | 127 | 14.4 | 127 | 14.4 | 111 | 12.8 | 106 | 12.3 | 471 | 13.5 |
Household income | ||||||||||
Lower ($0 to <$35,000) | 244 | 27.8 | 294 | 33.2 | 271 | 31.3 | 255 | 29.7 | 1,064 | 30.5 |
Middle ($35,000 to <$74,999) | 321 | 36.6 | 319 | 36.0 | 316 | 36.5 | 333 | 38.8 | 1,289 | 37.0 |
Higher (≥$74,999) | 313 | 35.6 | 272 | 30.7 | 278 | 32.1 | 271 | 31.5 | 1,134 | 32.5 |
Red meat consumption | ||||||||||
1 time/week | 141 | 15.9 | 130 | 14.6 | 125 | 14.3 | 129 | 14.9 | 525 | 14.9 |
2–3 times/week | 447 | 50.4 | 430 | 48.3 | 416 | 47.6 | 403 | 46.5 | 1,696 | 48.2 |
4–6 times/week | 187 | 21.1 | 204 | 22.9 | 217 | 24.8 | 192 | 22.2 | 800 | 22.7 |
≥ 1 time/day | 112 | 12.6 | 127 | 14.3 | 116 | 13.3 | 142 | 16.4 | 497 | 14.1 |
Interest in health2 | ||||||||||
Low | 93 | 10.6 | 104 | 11.7 | 95 | 11.0 | 93 | 10.8 | 385 | 11.0 |
Moderate-low | 233 | 26.5 | 231 | 26.1 | 252 | 29.1 | 231 | 26.9 | 947 | 27.1 |
Moderate-high | 432 | 49.1 | 447 | 50.5 | 409 | 47.2 | 444 | 51.7 | 1,732 | 49.6 |
High | 121 | 13.8 | 104 | 11.7 | 110 | 12.7 | 91 | 10.6 | 426 | 12.2 |
Interest in sustainability3 | ||||||||||
Low | 69 | 7.9 | 70 | 7.9 | 72 | 8.3 | 68 | 7.9 | 279 | 8.0 |
Moderate-low | 176 | 20.0 | 152 | 17.2 | 164 | 18.9 | 151 | 17.6 | 643 | 18.4 |
Moderate-high | 362 | 41.2 | 382 | 43.1 | 385 | 44.5 | 396 | 46.1 | 1,525 | 43.7 |
High | 271 | 30.9 | 282 | 31.8 | 245 | 28.3 | 244 | 28.4 | 1,042 | 29.9 |