Table 3 Summary table of literature exploring physical activity correlates and predictors among BCS
Demographics | |
Income | • (+) Cross-sectional. Higher income associated with increased PA [33] |
Age | • (+) Longitudinal. Younger age associated with lower PA post diagnosis [46] |
• (/) Cross-sectional. Age not associated with meeting the guidelines [47] | |
• (/) Intervention study. Age not associated with exercise adherence [48] | |
Education | • (/) Intervention study. Education did not predict exercise adherence [48] |
Marital status | • (/) Intervention study. Marital status did not predict exercise adherence [48] |
Health status | Â |
Co-morbidities | • (-) Cross-sectional. Higher co-morbidity associated with lower PA [47] |
Weight | • (+) Longitudinal. Normal weight pre-diagnosis associated with less PA post-diagnosis [46] |
• (-) Cross-sectional. Higher BMI associated with reduced likelihood of exercising [47] | |
• Cross-sectional. Lower sense of exercise self-efficacy among women who were overweight [49] | |
HRQL | • (+) Cross-sectional .Poorer HRQL was related to relapsing from active exercising to not exercising [50] |
• Longitudinal. HRQL (mental scale) significant predictor of rate of change of PA [51] | |
Fatigue | • (-) Longitudinal. Fatigue associated with lower PA at baseline but not associated with rate of change in PA [51]. |
Time since diagnosis | • (/) Intervention study. Time since diagnosis did not predict exercise adherence [48] |
Stage of cancer | • (/) Intervention study. Stage of cancer did not predict exercise adherence [48] |
Social cognitive | |
Self-efficacy | • (+)Cross-sectional. Self-efficacy association with positive exercise changes [49] |
• Cross-sectional. Self-efficacy correlated with current PA levels independent of pre-treatment PA levels [31]. | |
• (+) Cross-sectional. Task self-efficacy highly predictive for both PA and exercise in the overall sample and in the subgroup of younger women. Barrier self-efficacy followed the same trend [47] | |
• (+) Intervention study. Baseline self-efficacy significant predictor of mean minutes of weekly exercise and of meeting weekly goals. [48]. | |
Social support | • (+) Cross-sectional. Having an exercise partner or role model associated with increased PA [33] |
• (+) Longitudinal. Family support predicts change in PA behaviour [51] | |
• (+) Cross-sectional. Perceived social support related to increases in PA after diagnosis, even up to five years later [52] | |
• (/) Longitudinal. Social support of friend (not exercise specific) not a predictor of PA at baseline [51] | |
Intention | • (+) Cross-sectional. Intention significantly predicted PA behaviour [53] |
• Cross-sectional. Intention explained 35% of the variance in exercise adherence [54] | |
Personality | • (+) Cross-sectional. Neurotic breast cancer survivors more like to relapse [43] |
• (+) Intervention study. Extraversion related to increased exercise [44] | |
• (+) Cross-sectional. Optimism related to reports of increased exercise frequency in the past 6 months, although the amount of variance accounted for was small [45] | |
Perceived control | • (/) Cross-sectional. General locus of control unrelated to improvements in survivors PA [55] |
Outcome expectation | • (+) Cross-sectional. Outcome Expectations significant predictor of PA and exercise in [47] |
• (+) Mediation analysis. Positive beliefs about PA and cancer recurrence are related to increased PA levels [56] | |
Decisional balance | • (/) Cross-sectional. Decisional balance did not predict exercise adherence [57] |
Physical activity behaviour | |
Pre-diagnosis PA level | • (-) Longitudinal. Women reporting more PA pre diagnosis had lower levels of PA post diagnosis [46] |
• (+) Cross-sectional. Prior exercise was a significant positive predictor of overall PA [47] | |
• Cross-sectional. Direct association with Pre-treatment PA level and current PA level [31] | |
Baseline PA level | • (+) Intervention study. Baseline PA a significant predictor of mean minutes of weekly exercise [48] |