How many steps/day are enough? for children and adolescents

Tudor-Locke, Catrine; Craig, Cora L; Beets, Michael W; Belton, Sarahjane; Cardon, Greet M; Duncan, Scott; Hatano, Yoshiro; Lubans, David R; Olds, Timothy S; Raustorp, Anders; Rowe, David A; Spence, John C; Tanaka, Shigeho; Blair, Steven N

doi:10.1186/1479-5868-8-78

International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity

Table 1 Studies reporting percent meeting select step-defined cut points in young people

From: How many steps/day are enough? for children and adolescents

Reference	Sample Characteristics	Instrument	Monitoring Frame	Cut points Used	% Meeting Specified Cut point
Raustorp [59] 2003 Sweden	446 boys, 457 girls; school children; 6-14 years	Yamax Digiwalker SW-200 (Tokyo, Japan)	4 weekdays	VP/PALA	83% boys, 82% girls
Cardon [15] 2004 Belgium	51 boys, 41 girls; elementary school children; 6.5-12.7 years	Yamax Digiwalker SW-200, Yamax Corp, Japan	7 days	VP/PALA BMI-referenced cut points	77% overall 63% overall
Rowlands [16] 2005 UK	13 boys, 13 girls; primary school children; 8 to 10 years	Yamax Digi-Walker DW-200, Yamasa, Tokyo, Japan	6 days including 1 weekend day	VP/PALA BMI-referenced cut points	62% boys, 69% girls 38% boys, 54% girls
Parfitt [60] 2005 UK	35 boys, 25 girls; primary school children; 9.8 to 11.4 years	Yamax Digiwalker SW-200, Yamasa, Tokyo, Japan	7 days	Rowlands and Eston 13000, 12000	25% boys, 30% girls
Zizzi [61] 2006 USA	56 boys, 109 girls; high school students; 14 to 17 years	Accusplit Eagle 170	7 days	VP/PALA	< 25% overall
Raustorp [62] 2007 Sweden	183 boys in 2000 85 boys in 2006 153 girls in 2000 83 girls in 2006; School children; 7 to 9 years	Yamax SW-200 Tokyo, Japan	4 weekdays	BMI-referenced cut points	2000: 67% boys, 90% girls 2006: 60% boys, 75% girls
Duncan [63] 2007 UK	101 boys, 107 girls; primary school children; 8 to 11 years	New Lifestyles, NL2000, Montana, USA	4 days including 2 weekend days	BMI-referenced cut points	28.7% boys, 46.7% girls 41.2% of normal weight, 36.4% of overweight, 12.5% of obese
Eisenmann [57] 2007 USA	269 boys, 339 girls; Midwestern elementary school children; 9.6 years	Digiwalker 200 SW	7 days	VP/PALA	not reported
				BMI-referenced cut points	not reported
				< 10000	19.3% boys, 33.9% girls
				10000-12000	24.2% boys, 32.4% girls
				12000-14000	24.2% boys, 22.7% girls
				> 14000	32.3% boys, 10.9% girls
Raustorp [64] 2007 Sweden	46 boys, 51 girls; School children; 12-14 years	Yamax SW-200	4 weekdays	BMI-referenced cut points	58% overall
Reed [65] USA 2007	140 boys, 158 girls; elementary school children; 6 to 10 years	New Lifestyles Digi-Walker, SW-401, Yamax, Inc.	7 days	VP/PALA	41% overall
					Grade	Boys	Girls
					First	35.70%	17.20%
					Second	55.00%	18.20%
					Third	78.60%	44.80%
					Fourth	48.10%	50.00%
					Fifth	51.40%	12.90%
Downs [66] Canada 2008	80 boys, 98 girls; Cree elementary school children; 9 to 11 years	Yamax SW-200 Digiwalker, Yamasa Corp., Tokyo, Japan	3 weekdays	BMI-referenced cut points	59% overall, 51% with central adiposity, 68% without
Hohepa [67] 2008 New Zealand	95 boys, 141 girls; high school students; 12 to 18 years	NL-2000 New-Lifestyles Inc.	7 days	10,000	11.4% never met 24.4% sometimes met 49.7% often met 14.5% always met
Laurson [55] 2008 USA	358 boys, 454 girls; elementary school children; 6 to 12 years	Digiwalker 200-SW	7 days	VP/PALA	41.3% boys, 45.6% girls
				BMI-referenced cut points	23.2% boys, 31.5% girls
				adult 10,000	80.2% boys, 63.2% girls
				11,500 and 10,000 (boys, girls)	62.6% boys, 63.2% girls
				10,000 and 11,000	80.2% boys, 45.6% girls
Lubans [17] 2008 Australia	50 boys, 65 girls; adolescents recruited through schools; 14.15 ± 0.76 years	Yamax SW701	5 days including 1 weekend day	VP/PALA BMI-referenced cut points	49% boys, 52% girls 30% boys and girls
Belton [68] 2009 Ireland	153 boys, 148 girls; primary school children; 6 to 9 years	Yamax Digwalker SW200	7 days	BMI-referenced cut points	62.2% boys, 74.7% girls
Craig [6] 2010 Canada	5863 boys, 5639 girls; nationally representative sample 5-19 years	Yamax SW-200 (Tokyo, Japan)	7 days	BMI-referenced cut points 15,000 step/day 16,500 steps/day	23.2% male, 33.8% girls 23.2 male, 11.7% girls 13.8% male, 6.1% girls
Tudor-Locke [5] 2010 USA	1281 boys, 1329 girls, nationally representative sample; 6-19 years	ActiGraph AM-7164, ActiGraph, Ft. Walton Beach, Florida (data treated to approximate pedometer output)	7 days	Sex-specific Children's Graduated Step Index (only in 6-11 year olds)	41.8% boys sedentary 21.2% girls sedentary (other categories presented in figures)

Vincent and Pangrazi U.S. normative data [13] /President's Active Lifestyle Award (VP/PALA) [14]: 13,000 steps/day (boys) and 11000 steps/day (girls). BMI-referenced cut points [23]: 15,000 steps/day (boys) and 12,000 steps/day (girls). Sex-specific Children's Graduated Step Index for children (ages 6-12 years) [21]. Boys: 1) < 10,000; 2) 10,000-12,499; 3) 12,500-14,999; 4) 15,000 - 17,499; and, 5) ≥ 17,500 steps/day. Girls: 1) < 7,000; 2) 7,000-9,499; 3) 9,500-11,999; 4) 12,000 - 14,499 and, 5) ≥ 14,500 steps/day. For both sexes, each escalating category is respectively labelled "sedentary," "low active," "somewhat active," "active," and "highly active."

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ISSN: 1479-5868

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