Table 2 Study Characteristics for Included Studies separated by Accelerometer Type (n=55)

Carson et al. (2015a) [33]

Canada

Cohort

N= 50

Age= 3-5

5.6 hr/day

(SE= 0.2)

5 days of monitoring; ≥1 hr of wear-time on ≥3 days to be included

15-s

Adolph

LPA= 19.50

MVPA= 5.30

TPA= 24.80^b

35.20

9^c

Chow et al. (2016) [35]

Canada

Longitudinal

N= 69

Age= 3-5

11.4 hr/day

7 days of monitoring; ≥8 hr of wear-time on ≥1 day to be included

15-s

Puyau

LPA = 21.30^b

MVPA = 4.40^b

TPA = 26.00^b

33.48^b

7^c

Copeland et al. (2016) [29]

U.S.

Cross-sectional

N= 388

Age= 4.3

8.4 hr (SD=1.2)

1 day of monitoring

15-s

Pfeiffer

LPA = 21.40^a

MVPA= 2.40^a

TPA = 23.80^ba

36.10

10^c

Goldfield et al. (2016) [52]

Canada

Cluster RCT

N= 83

Age= 3-5

6.7 hr/day

5 days of monitoring; ≥4hr of wear-time on ≥2 days to be included

15-s

Adolph

LPA= 18.51^a

MVPA= 4.90^a

TPA= 23.43^a

36.85

27^d

Tucker et al. (2015) [2]

Canada

Cross-sectional

N= 218

Age= 2.5-5

6.8 hr/day

5 days of monitoring; ≥5 hr of wear-time on ≥3 days to be included

15-s

Pfeiffer

Not reported

41.62 (SD=3.78)

10^c

Van Cauwenberghe et al. (2012b) [38]

New Zealand

Validation

N= 49

Age= 3-4

4.9 hr/day

1 day of monitoring; ≥3 hrs of concurrent data on both devices to be included

15-s

Evenson

Not reported

30.61^b

9^c

Vanderloo & Tucker (2015) [32]

Canada

Cross-sectional

N= 101

Age= 2.5-5

5.9 hr/day

5 days of monitoring; ≥5 hr of wear-time of ≥1 day to be included

15-s

Pfeiffer

LPA=16.42 MVPA= 1.37

TPA= 17.70

42.38

10^c

Vanderloo et al. (2015) [11]

Canada

Cross-sectional

N= 71

Age= 2.5-5

6.8 hr/day

5 days of monitoring; ≥5 hr of wear-time on ≥3 days to be included

15-s

Pfeiffer

LPA = 16.78^b

MVPA= 1.58

TPA= 18.36

Not reported

10^c

Vanderloo et al. (2014) [19]

Canada

Cross-sectional

N= 31

Age= 4.10

7.5 hr/day

1 day of monitoring; ≥4hr of wear-time to be included

15-s

Pfeiffer

LPA = 15.88

MVPA= 1.54

TPA= 17.42

40.64

10^c

Webster et al. (2015) [26]

U.S.

Cross-sectional

N = 118

Age= 2.5-5

4.3 hr/day

4 days of monitoring

15-s

Pfeiffer

MVPA = 1.77^b

Not reported

8^c

Addy et al. (2014) [53]

U.S.

Cross-sectional

In-School Sample: N=199

Age 4.2

8.2 hr/day (SD=1.4)

7 days of monitoring; ≥4.9hr of wear-time on ≥4 days to be included

15-s

Pate

LPA = 5.70

MVPA= 7.50

TPA= 13.20

46.80^b

9^c

Alhassan et al. (2007) [27]

U.S.

RCT

N= 32

Age= 3-5

13.0 hr/day

4 full days of monitoring; School day: 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m.

30-s epoch, converted to 60-s

Sirard

LPA = 2.94^a

MVPA = 1.29^a

TPA = 4.23^a

55.77^b

25^d

Alhassan et al. (2012a) [54]

U.S.

Cluster RCT (pilot study)

N= 71

Age= 2.9-5

9.2 hr/day

7 days of monitoring; ≥9hr of wear-time on ≥4 days to be included

15-s

Sirard

LPA = 9.90^a

MVPA = 4.32^a

TPA = 14.22^a

45.75^a

25^d

Alhassan et al. (2012b) [55]

U.S.

Cluster RCT

N= 291

Age= 2.9-5

Not reported

5 days of monitoring; School day: 7:00am-4:30pm

15-s

Sirard

LPA= 11.16^b

MVPA = 3.84^b

TPA = 15.00^b

44.52^b

25^d

Alhassan et al. (2013) [56]

U.S.

Cluster RCT (pilot study)

N= 67

Age= 2.9-5

12.2 hr/day

≥9 hr of wear-time on ≥4 days to be included

15-s

Sirard

LPA = 9.99^a

MVPA = 4.08^a

TPA = 14.07^a

46.14^a

28^d

Alhassan et al. (2016) [57]

U.S.

Cluster RCT

N= 291

Age= 4.1

6.9 hr/day

≥7.0 hrs of wear-time ≥3 days to be included

15-s epochs, converted to 60-s

Sirard

LPA= 11.55^a

MVPA = 3.96^a

TPA= 15.51^a

44.76^a

23^d

Annesi et al. (2013a) [58]

U.S.

Cluster RCT

N= 275

Age= 3.5-5.6

4.8 hr/day

School day: 9:15 a.m. to 2:00 p.m.

15-s

Pate

LPA= 11.44^a

MVPA= 18.64^a

TPA= 30.08^a

29.92^a

23^d

Annesi et al. (2013b) [59]

U.S.

Cluster RCT

N= 885

Age= 3-5

4.8 hr/day

School day: 9:15 a.m. to 2:00 p.m.

15-s

Pate

LPA = 10.40^a

MVPA= 13.92^a

TPA = 24.33^a

35.67^a

24^d

Annesi et al. (2013c) [34]

U.S.

RCT

N= 338

Age= 3-5

4.8 hr/day

School day: 9:15 a.m. to 2:00 p.m.

15-s

PA : Pate ST : Sirard

LPA=11.59^a MVPA= 19.16^a

TPA= 30.75^a

29.26^a

24^d

Barbosa et al. (2016) [28]

Brazil

Cross-sectional

N= 370

Age= 5.2

Not reported

5 days of monitoring; ≥6 hr of wear-time to be included

1-s

Sirard

LPA= 4.38

MVPA= 1.40

TPA= 5.85

54.15

9^c

Byun et al. (2013) [60]

U.S.

Cross-sectional

N= 331

Age= 4

5.9 hr/day

5 days of monitoring; ≥4 hr of wear-time on ≥3 days to be included

15-s

Pate

Not reported

45.75

8^c

Carson et al. (2015b) [61]

Australia

Cohort

N= 177

Age= 3-5

4.4 hr/day

7 days of monitoring; ≥6 hr of wear-time on ≥3 days to be included

15-s

Evenson

Not reported

28.68^b

9^c

Cerin et al. (2016) [62]

Australia

Observational

N= 84

Age= 3-5

11.7 hr/day

7 days of monitoring; ≥8 hours of wear-time on ≥1 day to be included

15-s, converted to 30-s

Pate

LPA= 22.40^b

MVPA= 4.20^b TPA= 29.40^b

30.60^b

10^c

Dawson-Hahn et al. (2015) [63]

U.S.

Cross-sectional

N= 81

Age= 3-5

11.7 hr/day

≥3 hr of wear-time on ≥5 days to be included

15-s

Pate

TPA= 24.90

35.10

7^c

De Craemer et al. (2014) [36]

Belgium

Cluster RCT

N= 472

Age= 4-6

11.8 hr/day (SD=1.1)

6 days of monitoring; ≥6 hr of wear-time on ≥2 weekdays and ≥1 weekend day

15-s

Evenson

LPA= 29.04^a

MVPA= 4.08^a

TPA= 33.48^a

26.52^a

27^d

De Craemer et al. (2016) [64]

Belgium

Cluster RCT

N= 859

Age= 3-4

11.8 hr/day (SD=1.1)

6 days of monitoring; ≥6 hr of wear-time on ≥2 weekdays and ≥1 weekend day

15-s

Evenson

TPA= 32.82^a

27.18^a

26^d

Erinosho et al. (2016) [65]

U.S.

Cross-sectional

N= 544

Age= 3-5

6.8 hr/day

(SD=1.3)

4 days of monitoring; ≥4 hr of wear-time on 4 days to be included

5-s converted to 15-s

ST: Evenson, PA: Pate

LPA = 23.4^b

MVPA= 5.5

TPA = 28.90^b

31.1

9^c

Gagné & Harnois (2013) [66]

Canada

Cross-sectional

N= 242

Age= 3-5

8.0 hr/day

4 days of monitoring; ≥4 hr of wear-time on ≥2 days to be included

15-s

Sirard

LPA = 5.05^b

MVPA = 1.58^b

TPA = 6.63^b

53.37^b

10^c

Henderson et al. (2015) [30]

U.S.

Cross-sectional

N= 389

Age= 3-5

3.33 hr (SD=0.7)

1 day of monitoring

5-s

Evenson

LPA= 29.96^b MVPA= 9.00

TPA = 30.96^b

29.82^b

9^c

Hinkley et al. (2016) [67]

Australia

Observational

N= 731

Age= 3-5

Not reported

8 days of monitoring; ≥50% of preschool time on ≥2 days to be included

15s

Troiano

TPA= 29.61^a

30.39^a

10^c

Jones et al. (2011) [68]

Australia

RCT

N= 150

Age= 4

Not reported

2 days of monitoring

15-s

Sirard

LPA= 21.91^a MVPA= 10.10^a

TPA= 32.01^a

27.99^a

25^d

Loprinzi & Trost (2010) [69]

Australia

Cross-sectional

N= 156

Age= 2-5

5.5 hr/day

(SD= 0.5)

5 days of monitoring; ≥4 hr of wear-time on ≥2 days to be included

15-s

Sirard

MVPA= 9.10

Not reported

8^c

Oleson et al. (2013) [70]

Denmark

Cluster RCT

N= 426

Age= 5.8

7.2 hr/day

5 days of monitoring; ≥3 hr of wear-time on ≥3 days to be included;

15-s

Evenson

MVPA= 8.16^b

Not reported

25^d

O'Dwyer et al. (2014) [71]

UK

Cross-sectional

N= 188

Age= 4-5

6 hr/day

7 days of monitoring; ≥10.3 hr of wear-time during a weekday on ≥2 weekdays

School day: 9:00 a.m. to 3 p.m.

5-s

Sirard

MVPA= 4.06^ba

Not reported

10^c

O'Neill et al. (2016) [72]

U.S.

Cross-sectional

N=341

Age= 3-5

5.5 hr/day (SD=1.5)

5 days of monitoring; ≥6 hr of wear-time on ≥2 days to be included

15-s

ST: España-Romero, PA: Pate

LPA= 7.00^b

MVPA= 7.10

TPA= 14.10

45.90^b

7^c

Pagels et al. (2011) [73]

U.S. and Sweden

Cross-sectional

N= 55

Age= 3.4-5.7

7.2 hr/day (SD=1.2)

5 days of monitoring

15-s

Sirard

MVPA= 2.36^a

TPA= 6.65^a

54.92^a

9^c

Pate et al. (2016) [74]

U.S.

RCT

N= 379

Age= 3-5

5.3 hr/day

5 days of monitoring; ≥3 days to be included

15-s

Pate

LPA= 7.00^a

MVPA= 7.45 ^a TPA= 13.90^a

46.10^a

26^d

Pate et al. (2014) [75]

U.S.

Cross-sectional

N= 301

Age= 4

5.8 hr/day

5 days of monitoring; ≥4 hr of wear-time on ≥3 days to be included

15-s

ST: España-Romero

PA: Pate

LPA= 7.10^a

MVPA= 7.10^a

TPA= 14.20^a

45.80^b

10^c

Pate et al. (2004) [1]

U.S.

Cross-sectional

N= 247

Age= 3-5

4.4 hr/day

(SD= 1.3)

1 to 11 days of monitoring; ≥1 hr of wear-time on ≥3 days to be included

15-s

Sirard

LPA= 10.50^a

MVPA= 7.40^a

TPA= 17.90^ba

42.10

10^c

Ross et al. (2013) [76]

U.S.

Cross-sectional

N= 339

Age= 3-5

Not Reported

5 days of monitoring

15-s

Pate

LPA = 7.55^a

MVPA= 7.75^a

TPA= 15.30^a

44.70^b

26^d

Saunders et al. (2017) [77]

U.S.

Cross-sectional

N= 567

Age= 3-5

Not Reported

5 days of monitoring; ≥50 % of time in childcare on ≥3 days to be included

15-s

Pate

MVPA=6.80

Not reported

10^c

Schlechter et al. (2017) [78]

U.S.

Cross-sectional

N= 73

Age= 3-6

6.4 hr/day

15 days of monitoring

15-s

Van Cauwenberghe

TPA = 18.30^b

41.70^b

10^c

Schuna et al. (2016) [41]

U.S.

Cross-sectional

N= 62

Age= 3-5

5.2 hr/day

5 days of monitoring at 2 separate time points (fall and winter); ≥3 hr of wear-time on ≥2 days to be included

5-s

Pate

LPA= 16.20^a

MVPA= 8.45^a

MPA= 5.25^a

35.35^b

8^c

Shen et al. (2013) [79]

U.S.

Cross-sectional

N= 46

Age= 3-5

6.8 hr/day

6 days of monitoring; Data collected from: 7am to 8pm

15-s

Sirard

LPA= 10.23^a

MVPA= 3.58^a

46.20^b

9^c

Soini et al. (2014) [40]

Finland/Australia

Cross-sectional

N= 121

Age= 3

10.2 hr/day

5 days of monitoring; ≥7.5 hr of wear-time on ≥1 childcare day and ≥1 homecare day

5-s

Pate

LPA= 18.00^ba

MVPA= 8.40^ba

TPA= 26.40^ba

33.60^b

10^c

Stephens et al. (2014) [80]

U.S.

Cross-sectional

N= 1,352

Age= 2-5

Not reported

1 or 2 days of monitoring

15-s, (some children w/ 60-s due to malfunction)

Pate

MVPA= 6.20^a

Not reported

9^c

Sugiyama et al. (2012) [81]

Australia

Cross-sectional

N= 89

Age= 3-5

6.6 hr/day

3 days of monitoring

15-s

Sirard

LPA = 7.56^b

MVPA= 3.67^b

TPA = 11.23^b

48.77^b

9^c

Tandon et al. (2015) [82]

U.S.

Cross-sectional

N= 98

Age= 3-5

Not reported

4 days of monitoring; School day: 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m.

15-s

Pate

LPA = 7.80^b MVPA= 8.40^b

TPA = 16.20^b

43.80^b

10^c

Vale et al. (2011) [83]

Portugal

Cross-sectional

N= 59

Age= 2-5

Not reported

4 days of monitoring

5-s

Sirard

LPA = 6.09^b

MVPA = 4.52^b

TPA = 10.61^b

49.39^b

7^c

Vale et al. (2009) [84]

Portugal

Cross-sectional

N= 59

Age= 2-5

Not reported

5 days of monitoring;

≥6 hours of wear-time to be included

5-s & 60-s

Sirard

5-s epoch = MVPA = 26.46 (SD= 9.64)

60-s epoch = MVPA = 10.05 (SD= 8.43)

Not reported

7^c

Van Cauwenberghe et al. (2012a) [85]

Belgium

Cross-sectional (pilot study)

N= 107

Age= 4-6

7.7 hr/day

5 days of monitoring

15-s

Van Cauwenberghe

LPA = 4.26^b

MVPA = 5.25^b

TPA = 9.51^b

50.49^b

7^c

Van Cauwenberghe et al. (2013) [86]

Belgium

Cross-sectional

N= 200

Age= 4-6.2

12.2 hr/day

4 days of monitoring; ≥8 hours of wear-time on ≥2 days to be included

15-s

Van Cauwenberghe

LPA= 4.20^b

MVPA= 4.31^b

TPA= 8.51^b

51.49^b

9^c

Williams et al. (2008) [87]

U.S.

Cross-sectional

N= 198

Age= 3-4

12.7 hr/day

5 days of monitoring

15-s

Pate

LPA= 19.56^b

MVPA= 7.56^b

TPA= 27.12^b

32.88^b

8^c

Hesketh et al. (2015) [31]

UK

Cross-sectional

N= 202

Age= 3-4

10.8 hr/day

7 days of monitoring;≥10 hr of wear-time on ≥2 days to be included

15-s

Pate

LPA= 25.49

MVPA= 22.66

TPA= 47.15

12.38

10^c

Ellis et al. (2016) [37]

Australia

Cross-sectional

N= 233

Age= 3.0-5.9

5.1 hr/day

5 days of monitoring; ≥3 hr of wear-time on ≥1 day to be included

15-s

Not applicable

TPA = 10.98

49.02

10^c

Van Cauwenberghe et al. (2012b) [38]

New Zealand

Validation

N= 49

Age= 3-4

4.9 hr/day

1 day of monitoring; ≥3 hrs of concurrent data on both devices to be included

15-s

Not applicable

Not reported

30.24

9^c