Table 1 Sample and design characteristics of eligible articles
From: Seasons, weather, and device-measured movement behaviors: a scoping review from 2006 to 2020
Reference | Country | N | Female (%) | Age Group | Age (M ± SD [years]) | Race | Monitoring Period | Design | Environmental Measure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aadland et al. (2018) | Norway | 465 | 51.6 | Youth | 10.9 ± 0.3 | NA | 7 days | Longitudinal | Season |
Aebi et al. (2020) | Switzerland | 1314 | 48.7 | Adults | 67.9 ± 7.9 | NA | 8 days | Cross-sectional | Season |
Aibar Solana et al. (2015) | France, Spain | 646 | 58.8 | Youth | 14.3 ± 0.7 | NA | 7 days | Longitudinal | Weather |
Akande et al. (2019) | Canada | 272 | 43.8 | Adults | 34.9 ± 12.6 | Inuit: 74.6%; Other: 25.4% | 7 days | Longitudinal |  |
Albrecht et al. (2020) | Germany | 577 | 52.0 | Older adults | Range: 65–75 | NA | 7 days | Longitudinal |  |
Al-Mohannadi et al. (2016) | Qatar | 2088 | 33.4 | Adults | 41.6 ± 10.7 | Eastern Mediterranean: 52.3%; South East Asian: 30.7%; Western Pacific:8.0%; African: 3.4%; North/South American: 3.1%; European: 2.5% | 24 months | Longitudinal |  |
Arnardottir et al. (2017) | Iceland | 138 | 60.1 | Older adults | 80.3 ± 4.9 | NA | 7 days | Cross-sectional | Season |
Aspvik et al. (2018) | Norway | 1219 | 51.2 | Older adults | 72.4 ± 2.1 | NA | 7 days | Longitudinal | Weather |
Atkin et al. (2016) | United Kingdom, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland | 704 | 52.6 | Youth | 7.6 ± 0.3 | Caucasian: 92.9%; Other: 7.1% | 7 days | Longitudinal | Weather |
Badland et al. (2011) | Australia | 1754 | 59.3 | Adults | 39.9 ± 11.8 | NA | 7 days | Longitudinal | Season, Weather |
Balish et al. (2017) | Canada | 190 | 45.3 | Adults | NA | NA | 7 days | Longitudinal | Season, Weather |
Barkley and Herrmann (2017) | United States | 16 | NA | Older adults | NA | NA | 7 days | Longitudinal | Season |
Beighle et al. (2013) | United States | 321 | 52.0 | Youth | 9.1 ± 1.5 | NA | 7 days | Longitudinal | Season |
Bejarano et al. (2019) | United States | 26 | 42.3 | Youth | 16 ± 1.6 | Caucasian: 69.2%; Native American: 15.4%; Hispanic: 11.5%; Asian: 3.8% | 20 days | Longitudinal | Weather |
Boutou et al. (2019) | United Kingdom, Belgium, Greece, Netherlands | 157 | 75.8 | Adults | 67.2 ± 7.8 | NA | 7 days | Longitudinal | Weather |
Brandon et al. (2009) | Canada | 48 | 75.0 | Older adults | 77.4 ± 4.7 | NA | 7 days | Longitudinal | Weather |
Bremer et al. (2019) | Canada | 110 | 51.8 | Youth | 10.2 ± 1.7 | NA | 7 days | Longitudinal | Weather |
Bringolf-Isler et al. (2009) | Switzerland | 164 | 52.0 | Youth | Range: 6–14 | NA | 7 days | Longitudinal | Season |
Brychta et al. (2016) | Iceland | 70 | 64.3 | Older adults | 79.5 ± 4.8 | NA | 7 days | Cross-sectional | Weather |
Buchowski et al. (2009) | United States | 57 | 100 | Adults | 36.5 ± 9.2 | NA | 7 days | Longitudinal | Season |
Button et al. (2020) | Canada | 90 | 61.1 | Youth | 10.6 ± 1.4 | White: 56.7%; Indigenous & Visible Minority: 43.3% | 8 days | Longitudinal | Weather |
Carr et al. (2016) | United States | 132 | 100 | Adults | 41.6 ± 10.1 | Hispanic/Latino: 100% | 12 months | Longitudinal | Season |
Cepeda et al. (2018) | Netherlands | 1166 | 44.4 | Adults & older adults | Middle aged: Median = 59.1 [IQR = 56.1–62.4]; Young elderly: 71.3 [67.3–72.8]; Old elderly: 78.9 [77.0–81.4] | NA | 7 days | Cross-sectional | Season |
Chang et al. (2020) | China | 53 | 49.1 | Youth | 4.9 ± 0.2 | NA | 7 days | Longitudinal | Season |
Clemes et al. (2011) | United Kingdom | 96 | 53.2 | Adults | 40.7 ± 12.5 | NA | 4 weeks | Longitudinal | Season |
Collings et al. (2020) | United Kingdom | 342 | 48.8 | Youth | 3.4 ± 0.8 | White: 40.9%; South Asian: 59.1% | 6 days | Longitudinal | Season |
Colom et al. (2019) | Spain | 218 | 51.0 | Adults | Range: 55–75 | NA | 9 days | Cross-sectional | Weather |
Cooper et al. (2010) | United Kingdom | 1010 | 53.3 | Youth | 11.0 ± 0.4 | NA | 4 days | Cross-sectional | Season |
Cradock et al. (2009) | United States | 152 | 41.0 | Youth | 13.7 ± 0.7 | White: 57.0%; Black/African-American: 10.0%; Hispanic: 13.0%; Asian: 12.0%; Other Race/Ethnicity: 9.0% | 4 days | Cross-sectional | Weather |
Crowley et al. (2016) | United States | 510 | 55.0 | Adults | 43.5 ± 9.2 | NA | 12 months | Longitudinal | Season |
Cullen et al. (2017) | United States | 342 | 100 | Youth | Range: 8–10 | African-American: 100% | 7 days | Cross-sectional | Weather |
Davis et al. (2011) | United Kingdom | 230 | 49.1 | Older adults | 78.1 ± 5.8 |  | 7 days | Longitudinal | Season, Weather |
de Vries et al. (2019) | Netherlands | 10 | 50.0 | Youth | 12.5 | NA | 14 days | Longitudinal | Season, Weather |
Declòs-Alió et al. (2019) | Spain | 227 | 56.0 | Older adults | NA | NA | 7 days | Longitudinal | Season |
Deng and Fredriksen (2018) | Norway | 2123 | 49.6 | Youth | 9 ± 1.5 | NA | 7 days | Cross-sectional | Season |
Dias et al. (2019) | Switzerland, Belgium, United Kingdom, United States | 1052 | 49.8 | Youth | 3.7 ± 0.4 | NA | 3 days | Longitudinal | Season, Weather |
Diaz et al. (2016) | United States | 2096 | 54.2 | Adults | Range: 45–75 | Black: 31.6% | 7 days | Cross-sectional | Season |
Dill et al. (2014) | United States | 353 | NA | Adults | NA |  | 3 days | Longitudinal | Weather |
Duncan et al. (2008) | New Zealand | 1115 | 51.9 | Youth | Range: 5–16 | Caucasian: 49.2%; Polynesian: 30.0%; Asian: 16.5%; Other: 4.3% | 5 days | Cross-sectional | Season |
Edwards et al. (2015) | United States | 372 | 48.0 | Youth | 3.4 ± 0.3 | Caucasian: 88.0% African-American: 22.0% | 3 days | Longitudinal | Season |
Feinglass et al. (2011) | United States | 241 | 74.7 | Adults | < 50 years: (26.1%); 50–65 years: (39.3%); 66–75 years: (22.2%);  > 75 years: (12.5%) | Caucasian/ Other: 75.1%; African-American: 17.8%; Hispanic/ Latino: 7.1% | 7 days | Longitudinal | Weather |
Goodman et al. (2012) | United Kingdom | 325 | 52.3 | Youth | Range: 8–11 | NA | 4 days | Longitudinal | Weather |
Goodman et al. (2014) | Australia, Brazil, Denmark, England, Estonia, Spain, Norway, Switzerland, United States | 23,188 | 62.0 | Youth | Range: 5–16 | NA | 7 days | Longitudinal | Weather |
Gracia-Marco et al. (2013) | Sweden, Greece, Italy, Spain, Hungary, Belgium, France, Germany, Austria | 2173 | 54.0 | Youth | 15 ± 1.2 | NA | 7 days | Longitudinal | Season |
Griew et al. (2010) | United Kingdom | 1307 | 51.8 | Youth | Range: 10–11 | NA | 5 days | Longitudinal | Weather |
Hagströmer et al. (2014) | Sweden | 1172 | 54.0 | Adults | 45 ± 15 | NA | 7 days | Longitudinal | Season |
Hamilton et al. (2009) | United Kingdom | 96 | 51.1 | Adults | 41.0 ± 12.3 | NA | 4 weeks | Longitudinal | Weather |
Harrison et al. (2011) | United Kingdom | 1794 | 55.0 | Youth | Range: 9–10 | NA | 7 days | Longitudinal | Weather |
Harrison et al. (2015) | United Kingdom | 283 | 55.1 | Youth | Range: 9–14 | NA | 7 days | Longitudinal | Weather |
Harrison et al. (2017) | United Kingdom, Switzerland, Belgium, Australia, Denmark, Estonia, Norway, Madeira, United States | 23,451 | 62.0 | Youth | Range: 3–18 | NA | 7 days | Longitudinal | Weather |
Hjorth et al. (2013) | Denmark | 730 | 48.5 | Youth | 10.0 ± 0.6 | NA | 7 days | Longitudinal | Weather |
Hoaas et al. (2019) | Norway, Denmark, Australia | 168 | 42.9 | Adults | Range: 60–73 | NA | 7 days | Longitudinal | Season |
Hopkins et al. (2011) | United States | 145 | 59.3 | Youth | 10.7 ± 0.3 | NA | 7 days | Longitudinal | Season |
Hoppmann et al. (2017) | Canada | 126 | 64.0 | Older adults | 71.9 ± 5 | European: 62.0%; Asian: 36.0%; Other: 1.0%; Missing: 1.0% | 10 days | Longitudinal | Weather |
Hunter et al. (2019) | Canada | 149 | 47.0 | Adults | 19 ± 1.9 | White: 59.7%; Other: 40.3% | 7 days | Longitudinal | Weather |
Jehn et al. (2014) | Germany | 15 | 40.0 | Adults | 66.7 ± 5.2 | NA | 6 months | Longitudinal | Season |
Jones et al. (2017) | Canada | 42 | 24.0 | Older adults | 77.4 ± 4.7 | NA | 7 days | Cross-sectional | Weather |
Jones et al. (2017) | Canada | 42 | NA | Older adults | 77.4 ± 4.7 | NA | 7 days | Longitudinal | Season, Weather |
Katapally et al. (2016) | Canada | 331 | 49.8 | Youth | 11.6 ± 1.1 | NA | 7 days | Longitudinal | Weather |
Kharlova et al. (2020) | Norway | 2015 | 50.6 | Youth | 9.5 ± 1.8 | NA | 6 days | Longitudinal | Season |
Kimura et al. (2015) | Japan | 39 | 56.0 | Older adults | 70.7 ± 3.2 | NA | 2 weeks | Longitudinal | Weather |
King et al. (2011) | United Kingdom | 480 | 49.1 | Youth | NA | NA | 7 days | Longitudinal | Season |
Kolle et al. (2009) | Norway | 1824 | 48.5 | Youth | Range: 9–15 | NA | 4 days | Cross-sectional | Weather |
Kong et al. (2020) | South Korea | 555 | 43.8 | Adults | 61.1 ± 8.9 | NA | 7 days | cross-sectional | Weather |
Koolhaas et al. (2017) | Netherlands | 1200 | 52.3 | Older adults | 77.5 ± 5.0 | NA | 7 days | Cross-sectional | Season |
Larouche et al. (2019) | Canada | 1699 | 55.0 | Youth | 10.2 ± 1.0 | NA | 8 days | Cross-sectional | Season |
Lewis et al. (2016) | Australia and Canada | 953 | 57.0 | Youth | 10.6 ± 0.4 | NA | 7 days | Cross-sectional | Season |
Ma et al. (2018) | Hong Kong | 210 | 33.8 | Adults | 26.1 ± 8.7 | NA | 35 days | Longitudinal | Season |
Martins et al. (2015) | Brazil | 16 | 50.0 | Adults | Range: 18–35 | NA | 6 days | Longitudinal | Weather |
McCrorie et al. (2015) | Scotland | 33 | 54.5 | Youth | 12.2 ± 0.3 | NA | 8 days | Cross-sectional | Weather |
McKee et al. (2012) | Northern Ireland | 85 | 38.8 | Youth | Range: 4–5 | NA | 6 days | Longitudinal | Weather |
McMurdo et al. (2012) | United Kingdom | 547 | 54.0 | Older adults | 79 ± 8 | NA | 7 days | Cross-sectional | Weather |
Mitchell et al. (2018) | United States | 575 | 34.3 | Adults | 38.6 ± 0.1 | Hispanic: 100.0% | 1 day | Cross-sectional | Weather |
Mitsui et al. (2010) | Japan | 50 | 0.0 | Adults | 43.6 ± 10.8 | NA | 7 days | Longitudinal | Weather |
Nagy et al. (2019) | United Kingdom | 108 | 51.0 | Youth | 7.5 ± 0.5 | Caucasian: 59.0%; South Asian: 41.0% | 7 days | Cross-sectional | Season |
Nakashima et al. (2019) | Japan | 22 | 86.4 | Older adults | 75.1 ± 7.3 | NA | 7 days | Longitudinal | Season |
Newman et al. (2009) | United States | 500 | 100.0 | Adults | 57 ± 2.9 | African-American: 13.2% | 7 days | Cross-sectional | Season |
Nilsen et al. (2019) | Norway | 1154 | 49.0 | Youth | 4.7 ± 0.9 | NA | 14 days | Longitudinal | Season |
O’Connell et al. (2013) | United Kingdom | 46 | 72.0 | Adults | 41.7 ± 14.4 | NA | 7 days | Longitudinal | Season |
Ogawa et al. (2018) | Japan | 35 | 65.7 | Adults | 69.3 ± 5.3 | NA | 1 month | Longitudinal | Season |
Oliver et al. (2011) | New Zealand | 135 | 60.0 | Youth | Range: 5–6 | NA | 8 days | Cross-sectional | Season |
Pagels et al. (2016) | Sweden | 179 | 48.6 | Youth | 11.1 ± 2.1 | NA | 5 days | Longitudinal | Season |
Patnode et al. (2010) | United States | 294 | 49.3 | Youth | 15.4 ± 1.7 | Caucasian: 93.5%; Other: 6.5% | 7 days | Cross-sectional | Season, weather |
Pearce et al. (2012) | United Kingdom | 482 | 52.0 | Youth | Range: 8–10 | NA | 7 days | Longitudinal | Season |
Pechova et al. (2019) | Czech Republic, Slovakia & Poland | 83 | 89.7 | Adults | 65 ± 6 | NA | 8 days | Longitudinal | Season, Weather |
Pelclova et al. (2010) | Czech Republic | 13 | 84.6 | Youth | 15.6 ± 0.5 | NA | 10 months | Longitudinal | Weather |
Prins and van Lenthe (2015) | Netherlands | 43 | 52.5 | Adults | NA | NA | 7 days | Longitudinal | Weather |
Rahman et al. (2019) | Canada | 972 | 58.0 | Youth | 10.9 ± 0.4 | NA | 7 days | Cross-sectional | Season, weather |
Remmers et al. (2017) | Australia | 307 | 52.0 | Youth | 11.1 ± 0.7 | NA | 7 days | Longitudinal | Season, Weather |
Ridgers et al. (2015) | Australia | 326 | 50.3 | Youth | 10 ± 0.7 | NA | 7 days | Cross-sectional | Season |
Ridgers et al. (2018) | Australia | 326 | 50.3 | Youth | Range: 8–11 | NA | 7 days | Longitudinal | Season |
Robbins et al. (2013) | Canada | 38 | 26.3 | Adults | 54 ± 7.0 | NA | 7 days | Cross-sectional | Weather |
Rosenthal et al. (2020) | United States | 266 | 58.4 | Adults | 52.1 ± 14 | NA | NA | Cross-sectional | Weather |
Rowlands et al. (2009) | United Kingdom | 64 | 50.0 | Youth | 9.9 ± 0.3 | NA | 6 days | Longitudinal | Season |
Sartini et al. (2017) | United Kingdom | 1361 | 0.0 | Older adults | 78.5 ± 4.6 | NA | 7 days | Longitudinal | Weather |
Schepps et al. (2018) | United States | 16,741 | 100.0 | Older adults | 72.0 ± 5.7 | NA | 7 days | Cross-sectional | Weather |
Sewell et al. (2010) | United Kingdom | 95 | 41.0 | Adults | 65.5 ± 8.5 | NA | 2 days | Cross-sectional | Season |
Shen et al. (2013) | United States | 46 | 56.5 | Youth | 4.2 ± 0.2 | Caucasian: 68.0%; Other: 32.0% | 5 days | Cross-sectional | Weather |
Silva et al. (2011) | Portugal | 24 | 50.0 | Youth | 11.0 ± 1.5 | NA | 7 days | Longitudinal | Season |
Sit et al. (2019) | Hong Kong | 270 | 40.0 | Youth | NA | NA | 3 days | Longitudinal | Season |
Stabell et al. (2020) | United States | 38 | 10.5 | Adults | Range: 50–75 | Caucasian:81.6%; Other: 18.4% | 24 weeks | Longitudinal | Weather |
Sugino et al. (2012) | Japan | 9 | 0.0 | Adults | 71.7 ± 8.3 | NA | 2 weeks | Cross-sectional | Season |
Sumukadas et al. (2008) | Scotland | 127 | 71.0 | Older adults | 78.6 ± 6.5 | NA | 7 days | Longitudinal | Season |
Van Kann et al. (2016) | Netherlands | 520 | 55.6 | Youth | 10.1 ± 0.7 | NA | 7 days | Longitudinal | Weather |
Wang et al. (2017) | China | 34 | 38.2 | Adults | 31 ± 10 | NA | 7 days | Longitudinal | Weather |
Witham et al. (2014) | United Kingdom | 547 | 54.3 | Older adults | 78.5 ± 7.7 | NA | 7 days | Longitudinal | Weather |
Wong et al. (2020) | Mexico | 559 | 49.0 | Youth | 4.8 ± 0.5 | NA | 7 days | Longitudinal | Weather |
Wu et al. (2017) | United Kingdom | 4051 | 55.7 | Adults | 67.4 ± 9.5 | NA | 7 days | Cross-sectional | Weather |
Yildrim et al. (2012) | Belgium, Greece, Hungary, Netherlands, Switzerland | 722 | 53.0 | Youth | 11.6 ± 0.9 | NA | 6 days | Cross-sectional | Weather |
Zheng et al. (2019) | Hong Kong | 740 | 40.9 | Youth | 14.7 ± 1.6 | Chinese: 100.0% | 7 days | Longitudinal | Weather |