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Table 1 Number of times each behaviour change technique was used

From: Behaviour change techniques in cardiovascular disease smartphone apps to improve physical activity and sedentary behaviour: Systematic review and meta-regression

Behaviour change techniques

PA

SB

Other*

Total

Feedback and monitoring

   

80

Monitoring of behaviour by others without feedback

8

0

0

8

Feedback on behaviour a

16

1

0

17

Self-monitoring of behaviour a

19

0

0

19

Self-monitoring of outcome(s) of behaviour b

0

0

10

10

Monitoring of outcome(s) of behaviour without feedback

2

0

4

6

Biofeedback a

12

0

0

12

Feedback on outcome(s) of behaviour

8

0

0

8

Goals and planning

   

40

Goal setting (behaviour) a

12

1

0

13

Problem solving

6

0

0

6

Goal setting (outcome)

0

0

4

4

Action planning

10

1

0

11

Review behaviour goal(s)

2

0

0

2

Discrepancy between current behaviour and goal

4

0

0

4

Antecedents

   

23

Restructuring the social environment

1

1

0

2

Adding objects to the environment a

19

2

0

21

Repetition and substitution

   

23

Behavioural practice/rehearsal

2

1

0

3

Behaviour substitution

1

1

0

2

Habit formation

1

1

0

2

Habit reversal

2

2

0

4

Generalisation of target behaviour

1

0

0

1

Graded tasks

10

1

0

11

Social support

   

19

Social support (unspecified) a

12

0

0

12

Social support (practical)

3

1

0

4

Social support (emotional)

3

0

0

3

Comparison of outcomes

   

15

Credible source a

14

1

0

15

Natural consequences

   

13

Information about health consequences

9

0

0

9

Information about social and environmental consequences

2

0

0

2

Monitoring of emotional consequences

2

0

0

2

Associations

   

13

Prompts/cues a

11

1

0

12

Reduce prompts/cues

1

0

0

1

Shaping knowledge

   

13

Instruction on how to perform the behaviour

10

1

0

11

Information about antecedents

1

1

0

2

Reward and threat

   

11

Non-specific reward

1

0

0

1

Social reward

9

0

0

9

Social incentive

1

0

0

1

Comparison of behaviour

   

6

Demonstration of the behaviour

5

0

0

5

Social comparison

1

0

0

1

Identity

   

2

Framing/reframing

1

0

0

1

Incompatible beliefs

1

0

0

1

Regulation

   

2

Conserving mental resources

1

1

0

2

Total

224

18

18

260

  1. aBehaviour change techniques frequently used for physical activity in ≥50% of interventions.
  2. bBehaviour change techniques frequently used for outcomes related to physical activity or sedentary behaviour in ≥50% of interventions.
  3. *Other outcomes related to physical activity and/or sedentary behaviour.
  4. Note: Behaviour change techniques are organized in descending order of category. The total frequency of each behaviour change technique is displayed for all interventions.
  5. Abbreviations: PA Physical activity, SB Sedentary behaviour
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International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity

ISSN: 1479-5868

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